An inorganic framework of inorganic/biomass composite hydrogels was constructed through the synergistic effect of ferric chloride and ammonium molybdate,followed by the introduction of an organic system comprising polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tannic acid (TA).This composite hydrogel maintains the excellent electrical conductivity and sensing performance of inorganic metal hydrogels while endowing the organic hydrogel with favorable mechanical properties.The antioxidant characteristics of tannic acid are also preserved within the hydrogel.Ethylene glycol was used as a dispersant to achieve homogeneity of the hydrogel and promote covalent crosslinking between TA and PVA.Furthermore,the chelation coordination between TA and Fe3+ formed phenolic hydroxyl-metal bonds,while the addition of ammonium molybdate facilitated Fe/Mo synergistic coordination,further generating Fe2(MoO4)3,which resulted in a more compact crosslinked network.As the ferric ion concentration increased,the crosslinking density was significantly enhanced,which not only improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel but also enhanced its electrical performance,thereby demonstrating superior potential for sensing applications.
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