现代化工

现代化工 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3) : 83-87. DOI: 10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2025.03.016

科研与开发

臭葱石沉淀法共处理硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿行为研究

苏欣荣 ¹ ,
苏瑞 ¹^,^* ,
陈佳 ² ,
马旭 ² ,
李剑 ³

作者信息 +

Study on co-treatment of arsenic sulfide slag and titanium vanadium magnetite tailings by scorodite precipitation method

Xin-rong SU ¹ ,
Rui SU ¹^,^* ,
Jia CHEN ² ,
Xu MA ² ,
Jian LI ³

Author information +

文章历史 +

PDF (2955K)

摘要

针对含砷危废硫化砷渣存量大、处理药剂成本高等问题,以固废钛钒磁铁矿尾矿为铁源,开展了臭葱石沉淀法共处理硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿研究。结果表明,在初始pH为0.5、Fe/As摩尔比为2.5、水热温度为150℃和反应时间为10 h的最优条件下,As的去除率可达到99.05%,且生成的臭葱石在HVM(《HJ 557—2010中固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》)和短期稳定性测试中As的浸出浓度皆小于美国环保局(EPA)的监管限制,可安全堆存。该研究不仅为硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿提供了一种经济高效的共处理方法,还为有色冶炼行业的可持续性发展提供了有力的技术支撑。

Abstract

In response to the large stockpiles of arsenic-containing hazardous waste in the form of arsenic sulfide slag and high cost associated with treatment reagents,a study is conducted on the co-treatment of arsenic sulfide slag and titanium-vanadium magnetite tailings by using scorodite precipitation method with titanium-vanadium magnetite tailings as iron source.Results show that the removal rate of As can reach 99.05% under the optimal conditions that initial pH is 0.5,Fe/As molar ratio is 2.5,hydrothermal temperature at 150℃,and the reaction lasts for 10 h.The generated scorodite meets the safe disposal requirements of HVM (the horizontal shaking method for leaching toxicity of solid waste in HJ 557—2010) and short-term stability test,with the leaching concentration of As being less than the regulatory limit of EPA (the United States Environmental Protection Agency).This study provides an economical and efficient co-treatment method for sulfide arsenic slag and titanium-vanadium magnetite tailings,and also offers strong technical support for the sustainable development of the non-ferrous metal smelting industry.

Graphical abstract

关键词

砷 / 臭葱石 / 硫化砷渣 / 钛钒磁铁矿尾矿 / 共处理

Key words

arsenic / scorodite / arsenic sulfide slag / titanium vanadium magnetite tailings / co-treatment

Author summay

苏欣荣(2000-),女,硕士生,主要从事重金属废渣废水稳定化处理研究,220586004@stu.lnut.edu.cn。

引用本文

引用格式 ▾

[Author(id=1241353243718021838, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=220586004@stu.lnut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243743187664, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243718021838, language=EN, stringName=Xin-rong SU, firstName=Xin-rong, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243768353489, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243718021838, language=CN, stringName=苏欣荣, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹, address=1.辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州 121001, bio={"content":"

苏欣荣(2000-),女,硕士生,主要从事重金属废渣废水稳定化处理研究,220586004@stu.lnut.edu.cn。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

苏欣荣(2000-),女,硕士生,主要从事重金属废渣废水稳定化处理研究,220586004@stu.lnut.edu.cn。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241353243625747141, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243629941446, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243625747141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243638330055, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243625747141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州 121001)])]), Author(id=1241353243793519315, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=surui@lnut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243818685141, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243793519315, language=EN, stringName=Rui SU, firstName=Rui, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹^,^*, address=1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243843850966, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243793519315, language=CN, stringName=苏瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=¹^,^*, address=1.辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州 121001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241353243625747141, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243629941446, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243625747141, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243638330055, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243625747141, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工业大学土木建筑工程学院,辽宁锦州 121001)])]), Author(id=1241353243864822488, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243885794010, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243864822488, language=EN, stringName=Jia CHEN, firstName=Jia, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=², address=2. College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243910959835, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243864822488, language=CN, stringName=陈佳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=², address=2.大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁大连 116600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241353243659301576, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243659301577, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243659301576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243663495881, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243659301576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁大连 116600)])]), Author(id=1241353243931931357, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243961291487, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243931931357, language=EN, stringName=Xu MA, firstName=Xu, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=², address=2. College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241353243982263008, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353243931931357, language=CN, stringName=马旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=², address=2.大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁大连 116600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241353243659301576, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243659301577, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243659301576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243663495881, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243659301576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.大连民族大学环境与资源学院,辽宁大连 116600)])]), Author(id=1241353244007428834, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241353244032594660, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353244007428834, language=EN, stringName=Jian LI, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=³, address=3. Jinzhou Water (Group) Company Limited, Jinzhou 121000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241353244053566181, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, authorId=1241353244007428834, language=CN, stringName=李剑, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=³, address=3.锦州水务(集团)有限公司,辽宁锦州 121000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241353243684467402, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243688661707, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243684467402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Jinzhou Water (Group) Company Limited, Jinzhou 121000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241353243697050316, tenantId=1226480274814496768, journalId=1226484258170171394, articleId=1240719941952827802, companyId=1241353243684467402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.锦州水务(集团)有限公司,辽宁锦州 121000)])])] 苏欣荣,苏瑞,陈佳,马旭,李剑. 臭葱石沉淀法共处理硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿行为研究[J]. , 2025, 45(3): 83-87 DOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2025.03.016

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户忘记密码

硫化砷渣(ASS)是硫化物沉淀法处理高浓度含砷污酸产生的含砷危废^[1-2]。硫化砷渣中砷质量分数高(10%~60%)、环境稳定性差,极易造成严重的水土砷污染^[3-4]。目前我国硫化砷渣产量以5×10⁵ t/a递增,其中大部分没有采取预防措施,仅堆存于冶炼厂中^[5⇓-7],因此硫化砷渣的稳定化处理迫在眉睫。

臭葱石(FeAsO₄·2H₂O)沉淀技术因其固砷量大、环境稳定性高等优点被应用于硫化砷渣稳定化处理的研究中^[8-9],但传统铁源(硫酸铁、硝酸铁)因其价格昂贵严重影响该技术的广泛应用。钛钒磁铁矿尾矿是钛钒磁铁矿石选矿后产生的含铁固废,由于缺乏经济有效的利用方式,不断增加的尾矿对选矿企业的堆存产生了巨大的压力^[10-11]。

基于此,笔者以钛钒磁铁矿尾矿为铁源,通过臭葱石沉淀法对硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的共处理行为进行研究。

1 实验原料与仪器

原料:硫化砷渣和钛钒磁铁矿尾矿分别采集自湖南省某冶炼厂和某选矿企业尾矿库,其中硫化砷渣主要由As(22.0%)和S(40.28%)组成,钛钒磁铁矿尾矿主要由Fe和Si组成,其质量分数分别为 16.00%和15.94%,如表1所示。钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的XRD及SEM表征结果如图1所示。从图1(a)中可以看出,KNa₂LiFe₂Ti₂Si₈O₂₄为钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的主要结晶相,这与XRF分析结果相一致;从图1(b)中可以看出,钛钒磁铁矿尾矿为直径约16.3 μm的无规则块状颗粒。

仪器:高温电热鼓风干燥箱(LG-50);等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-MS);X射线衍射仪(XRD);扫描电子显微镜(SEM)。

2 实验方法

砷浸提和硫回收:采用NaOH(600 g/L)和H₂O₂(30%)溶液浸提As和回收单质S^[12]。

臭葱石沉砷:首先将上述As的浸提液通过HCl调节至不同初始pH(0.1~0.9),通过钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的投加量控制不同的Fe/As摩尔比(1~3),然后将混合液倒入装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢高压反应釜中,最后在不同反应温度(60~180℃)下反应 1~16 h。待反应结束后,用0.22 μm滤膜过滤,固相样品清洗干燥后进行表征。

稳定性测试:首先采用《HJ 557—2010中固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HVM)对固砷产物进行稳定性测试^[13];为进一步验证固砷产物的稳定性,在常温条件下进行10 d的短期稳定性测试,即将1 g固体加入至100 mL的pH分别为4、6和8的HCl/NaOH溶液中,试验过程中pH保持恒定。

3 结果与讨论

3.1 初始pH的影响

初始pH是影响As的去除效率和臭葱石结晶转化的关键因素^[14]。在Fe/As摩尔比设定为1.5,水热温度为150℃和反应时间为12 h的条件下开展固砷实验,结果如图2(a)所示。由图2(a)可知,As的去除率呈现出先升高后下降的趋势。如当初始pH增加至0.5时,As的去除率达到最佳,溶液中As的质量浓度为0.38 g/L,去除率为96.90%;此后随着初始pH的增加,As的去除率逐渐降低。这是因为过低的初始pH不利于臭葱石的结晶转化;而过高的初始pH又会抑制钛钒磁铁矿尾矿中Fe的溶解释放,导致反应体系中Fe源不足,从而降低了As的去除效率^[15]。综上所述,适宜初始pH为0.5。

不同初始pH条件下形成的固相产物的XRD图谱如图2(b)所示。由图2(b)可知,初始pH对臭葱石的结晶转化有着显著的影响。当初始pH为0.1时,未出现臭葱石衍射峰,这是液相中As去除率较低的主要原因;随着初始pH的升高,固相产物中臭葱石皆为主要的矿物相,这与液相中As的去除率显著升高的结果是一致的。此外,在XRD图谱中均出现Fe₂TiO₄矿物相,说明固相产物存在着未完全溶解的钛钒磁铁矿。

3.2 Fe/As摩尔比的影响

Fe/As摩尔比也是控制液相中As去除率的重要因素。如体系中Fe源较少,影响As的沉淀去除,而过高Fe/As摩尔比会增加体系中Fe离子的过饱和度,导致As的去除率降低^[9,16]。基于此,在初始pH为0.5、水热温度为150℃和反应时间为12 h的条件下,考察Fe/As摩尔比对溶液中As去除率的影响,结果如图3所示。由图3可知,当铁砷摩尔比从1增加到2.5时,溶液中As的质量浓度下降至0.099 g/L,As的去除率迅速提高至99.20%;随着Fe/As摩尔比进一步增加到3时,As的去除率略微下降至98.89%。因此,适宜的Fe/As摩尔比为2.5。

3.3 反应温度的影响

高温有利于As的高效去除和臭葱石的结晶转化^[17],但高温条件需要增加能耗和处理成本。因此,根据上述实验结果,在初始pH为0.5、Fe/As摩尔比和反应时间分别设定为2.5 h和12 h,研究反应温度对As去除率和臭葱石结晶转化的影响,结果如图4(a)所示。由图4(a)可知,当温度从60℃升高到150℃时,As的去除率从70.81%升高到99.20%,残留As的质量浓度由3.59 g/L降至0.099 g/L;而当温度继续升高到180℃时,As的去除率并没有显著升高。因此,从能耗角度考虑,适宜的反应温度为150℃。

固相产物的矿物相与反应温度高度相关,不同温度的固相产物的XRD谱图如图4(b)所示。从图4(b)中可以看出,在60℃和90℃温度下,图谱中仅出现Fe₂TiO₄的衍射峰,此时As主要以无定形砷酸的形式存在;当温度继续升高,出现FeAsO₄·2H₂O的结晶相。该结果与液相中As去除率的变化曲线一致。

3.4 反应时间的影响

在pH=0.5、n(Fe)/n(As)=1.5、反应温度为150℃的最优条件下,As的去除率和固相产物矿物相随反应时间变化规律如图5(a)所示。由图5(a)可知,在反应进行至10 h时,As的质量浓度从 12.3 g/L迅速下降到0.116 95 g/L,去除率达到99.05%;随着反应时间的延长,As的去除率仅有小幅度的提升。综合考虑能耗,适宜的反应时间为10 h。

固相产物的XRD图谱如图5(b)所示。从图5(b)中可以看出,臭葱石的结晶转化是实现As高效去除的主要原因,前4 h的矿物相主要以Fe₂TiO₄为主,并未有FeAsO₄·2H₂O沉淀形成,此时为非结晶态含砷相,与液相中As去除率低的结果一致;随着反应进行至7 h,出现明显的臭葱石的衍射峰且随时间的推移略有增强。综上所述,适宜的反应时间为10 h。

为了进一步验证上述结论,利用SEM对反应 10 h下生成的固相产物形貌进行了分析表征,结果如图6所示。从图6中可以看出,固相产物中呈现出表面粗糙的花瓣状颗粒,这与文献[18-19]中报道的臭葱石形貌相符;此外,还发现存在粒径约为 15 μm左右的无规则块状颗粒,这与初始钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的形貌相符,说明固相中仍存部分未溶解的钛钒磁铁矿尾矿。SEM和XRD的分析结果一致。

3.5 稳定性测试

固体产物的稳定性也是评价处理效果的重要指标。HVM的测试结果如表2所示。从表2中可知,初始ASS的As浸出毒性高达994.68 mg/L,经处理后,其固砷产物As浸出毒性仅为0.147 mg/L,远小于EPA的监管限制(<5 mg/L)。臭葱石短期稳定性如图7所示。从图7中可以看出,在pH为4、6和8条件下的10 d短期稳定性评估中,最终As的浸出质量浓度分别为0.655、0.367 mg/L和1.590 mg/L,表现出其优异的短期稳定性。说明在最优条件下,臭葱石沉淀可以实现硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的稳定化共处理。

3.6 反应机理

液相分析和固相表征结果表明,在最终的固相产物中,臭葱石是实现As稳定化处理的主要矿物相。在酸性高温高压的水热反应过程中,钛钒磁铁矿尾矿逐步溶解,释放出的Fe离子可与液相中As离子反应形成臭葱石沉淀。此外,XRD和SEM分析表明,除形成臭葱石沉淀以外,固相产物中还存在未溶解的钛钒磁铁矿。在先前的研究中发现,铁基氧(氢氧)化物(如磁铁矿、铁渣等)可通过吸附的方式固定As^[17,20]。因此,臭葱石沉淀的形成和未溶解的钛钒磁铁矿对As的再吸附作用是实现稳定化共处理的主要原因。

4 结论

利用臭葱石沉淀法实现了硫化砷渣与钛钒磁铁矿尾矿共处理,主要结论如下:

(1)在初始pH为0.5、Fe/As摩尔比为2.5、水热温度为150℃和反应时间为10 h的最优条件下,As的去除率可达到99.05%;在水平振荡和短期稳定性测试中,As的浸出质量浓度均小于1.59 mg/L,可安全堆存。

(2)臭葱石沉淀的形成和钛钒磁铁矿尾矿中未溶解的铁基氧化物对As的再吸附作用是实现稳定化共处理主要原因。

(3)实现了硫化砷渣的稳定化处理,同时为钛钒磁铁矿尾矿的综合利用提供了新方向。

参考文献

原文顺序 | 出版日期 | 本文引用

[1]	白猛, 郑雅杰, 刘万宇, 等. 硫化砷渣的碱性浸出及浸出动力学[J]. 中南大学学报:自然科学版, 2008, 39(2):268-272.

[2]	Yang B, Zhang G L, Deng W, et al. Review of arsenic pollution and treatment progress in nonferrous metallurgy industry[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 634:3239-3243.

[3]	王永好, 林裕智, 李明洋, 等. 硫化砷渣一步水热成矿转化固砷与硫回收[J]. 环境科学学报, 2021, 41(8):3324-3332.

[4]	Xu H, Min X, Wang Y, et al. Stabilization of arsenic sulfide sludge by hydrothermal treatment[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2020, 191:105229.

[5]	Yao L W, Min X B, Xu H, et al. Physicochemical and environmental properties of arsenic sulfide sludge from copper and lead-zinc smelter[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2020, 30(7):1943-1955.

[6]	Ouyang L, Zeng L, Cui Y, et al. In situ mechanochemical activation of reduced iron powder for arsenic stabilization in high content arsenic sulfide sludge[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 305:122218.

[7]	Kong L, Peng X, Hu X. Mechanisms of UV-light promoted removal of As(Ⅴ) by sulfide from strongly acidic wastewater[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(21):12583-12591.

[8]	Zhang W, Lu H, Liu F, et al. Hydrothermal treatment of arsenic sulfide slag to immobilize arsenic into scorodite and recycle sulfur[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 406:124735.

[9]	时坚, 李明洋, 王永净, 等. 硫化砷渣一步水热矿化成臭葱石和单质硫的研究[J]. 环境化学, 2022, 41(2):591-599.

[10]	陈桃, 简胜, 谢贤, 等. 钒钛磁铁矿尾矿综合利用研究进展[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2021, 41(2):174-178.

[11]	Hao L, Zhang B, Feng C, et al. Human health risk of vanadium in farmland soils near various vanadium ore mining areas and bioremediation assessment[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 263:128246.

[12]	Ma X, Gomez M A, Yuan Z, et al. A novel method for preparing an As(Ⅴ) solution for scorodite synthesis from an arsenic sulphide residue in a Pb refinery[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2019, 183:1-8.

[13]	徐志高, 张臻悦, 池汝安, 等. 模拟雨水对工业烧渣中重金属浸出特性的研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2011, 34(S2):42-46.

[14]	Fujita T, Taguchi R, Abumiya M, et al. Effect of pH on atmospheric scorodite synthesis by oxidation of ferrous ions:Physical properties and stability of the scorodite[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2009, 96(3):189-198.

[15]	Su R, Su X, Gao Y, et al. Cotreatment strategy for hazardous arsenic-calcium residue and siderite tailings via arsenic fixation as scorodite[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2025, 153:118-127.

[16]	Paktunc D, Bruggeman K. Solubility of nanocrystalline scorodite and amorphous ferric arsenate:Implications for stabilization of arsenic in mine wastes[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2010, 25(5):674-683.

[17]	Cai G, Zhu X, Li K, et al. Self-enhanced and efficient removal of arsenic from waste acid using magnetite as an in situ iron donator[J]. Water Research, 2019, 157:269-280.

[18]	Su R, Ma X, Yin X, et al. Arsenic removal from hydrometallurgical waste sulfuric acid via scorodite formation using siderite (FeCO₃)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 424:130552.

[19]	Ke P, Song K, Liu Z. Encapsulation of scorodite using crystalline polyferric sulfate precipitated from the Fe(Ⅱ)-SO₄^2--O₂-H₂O system[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2018, 180:78-87.