冶炼行业含铊固废的来源及其资源化综述
Review on source and re-utilization of thallium-containing solid waste in smelting industry
铊是一种剧毒的金属元素,即使较低浓度也会对生态环境产生毒害作用。同时,作为一种在地壳中丰度较低的分散性关键金属元素,铊在光导纤维、超导材料等方面具有不可替代性。通过分析我国钢铁、铅、锌、铜、锂、锡、锑、汞等冶炼工业含铊固废来源,总结了含铊固废资源化现状,包括提取铊元素、作为冶金原料、生产微晶玻璃/水泥/井下填充材料等,剖析了含铊固废不同资源化方式的优势和不足,并展望了未来含铊固废资源化方向,为推进我国“无废城市”的建设做贡献。
Thallium is a highly toxic metal element,which is toxic to the ecological environment even at a low concentration.On the other hand,as a dispersive key metal element with low abundance in the earth’s crust,thallium is irreplaceable in the fields of optical fiber and superconducting materials.In this paper,the sources of thallium-containing solid waste in the smelting industries such as iron and steel,lead,zinc,copper,lithium,tin,antimony and mercury in China are analyzed,and the current situation about re-utilization of thallium-containing solid waste is summarized,including thallium element extraction,metallurgical raw materials,the production of glass-ceramics/cement/underground filling materials,etc.The advantages and disadvantages of different re-utilization methods of thallium-containing solid waste are analyzed,and the future direction of re-utilization of thallium-containing solid waste is prospected to make contributions to the construction of “zero waste city” in China.
thallium-containing solid waste / zero-waste city / re-utilization / smelting industry
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国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1903401)
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