重金属废水进入水环境后严重威胁着环境质量和人类健康,为此需要高效、生态友好的处理技术。秸秆是一种优质纤维素基材料,具有可生物降解、无毒、热稳定等特性。秸秆经过改性处理后对水中重金属离子的吸附能力会得到显著提升,可以达到以废治废的目的。综述了化学改性秸秆吸附材料的研究现状,讨论了几种常见的改性方法对秸秆表面结构和性质的影响,如酸或碱处理、酯化、醚化、接枝等;就改性秸秆对废水中重金属的去除性能和作用机理进行了分析总结,归纳了吸附重金属后的秸秆吸附剂的解吸作用和再生性能,展望了秸秆改性及其作为重金属吸附剂的研究发展前景。

Toxic heavy metals in wastewater seriously threaten the environmental quality and human health after entering the water environment.Therefore,a kind of high-efficiency and eco-friendly treatment technology is needed.Straw is a high-quality cellulose-based material,which has the characteristics of biodegradability,non-toxic,thermal stability and so on.The adsorption capacity of straw for heavy metal ions in water will be significantly improved after it is modified,which can achieve the purpose of treating wastes with wastes.In this review,the research status of using chemically modified straw as adsorbent is reviewed,and the effects of several common modification methods on the surface structure and properties of straw are discussed,such as acid or alkali treatment,esterification,etherification,and graft modification.The removal performance and mechanism of heavy metals in wastewater by modified straw are analysed and summarized.Moreover,the desorption and regeneration of straw adsorbents after adsorbing heavy metals are stated.The research and development prospects of straw modification and its use as adsorbent for heavy metals are summarized.

常晟铭(1999-),男,硕士生,研究方向为水污染控制化学,1632770378@qq.com;王刚(1981-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为污染控制化学,通讯联系人,gangw99@mail.lzjtu.cn。