介绍了新型二氧化碳化学吸收剂的研究进展,主要包括相变吸收剂、离子液体吸收剂、低共熔溶剂、非水吸收剂和催化解析,指出相变吸收剂吸收能力强,但解析能耗高,并存在一定的腐蚀性;离子液体吸收剂具有低挥发性、高化学稳定性、可调控性等优点,但存在合成复杂、成本高、黏度大等缺点;低共熔溶剂蒸汽压极低、溶解性能好、结构和性质具有可调性,黏度低,但是吸收量低,不适应低浓度二氧化碳场景;非水吸收剂具有腐蚀性低、解析能耗低,但无法管道输送,成本高;还可以在吸收剂中调控催化体系,可快速诱导吸收溶剂再生,降低再生能耗,但催化剂稳定性有待进一步加强。最后提出未来二氧化碳化学吸收剂可通过精细地分子设计和合成、引入新的功能基团,制备出成本更低、环境影响更小、吸收性能更强和热稳定性佳、再生能耗低的产品。

The research progress of novel carbon dioxide chemical absorbents is introduced,including phase change absorbents,ionic liquid absorbents,low eutectic solvents,non-aqueous absorbents and catalytic desorption.Phase change absorbents have strong absorption capacity but need high energy consumption in desorption and have corrosive property.Ionic liquid absorbents have the advantages of low volatility,high chemical stability,and adjustability,but they have the disadvantage of complicated synthesis,high cost and high liquid viscosity.Deep eutectic solvent has high solubility,adjustability with structure and property,low volatility and low liquid viscosity,but it has the disadvantage of low absorption capacity,which cannot adapt to low carbon dioxide concentration environment.Non-aqueous absorbents have advantages of low volatility and consuming low energy in desorption,but they exhibit high cost and cannot allow pipeline transportation.Moreover,the absorption solvent regeneration can be quickly induced by regulating the catalytic system in the absorbent.It is proposed that the carbon dioxide chemical absorbent can be prepared by fine molecular design and synthesis in the future,adding new functional groups,and preparing products with low cost,less environmental impact,stronger absorption performance,excellent heat stability and low renewable energy consumption.

王大勇(1975-),男,本科,高级工程师,从事化工方向研究,wangdypds@163.com;谷小虎(1984-),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事化工方向研究,通讯联系人,xiaohuhpu@163.com。