高原的低压条件造成柴油燃烧性能下降，导致柴油机出现动力性不足等问题。在柴油中加入醇类燃料、醚类燃料、酯类燃料等含氧燃料，可以在不改变柴油机结构的情况下改善柴油机在高原环境下的使用性能。对上述含氧柴油燃料在柴油发动机中的燃烧特性、动力性和经济性等方面进行对比，结果表明，在高原环境下，含醇柴油会导致发动机滞燃期延长，且脂肪醇的碳数越少影响越严重；含醚柴油缩短滞燃期，但热值较低；含酯柴油凝点较高，难以在高原的低温环境条件下应用；复合型含氧柴油燃料或许能够综合含氧燃料的优点。新型高原含氧柴油燃料应关注聚醚、短链酯以及少量长链醇复合组分。

The low pressure condition on the plateau leads to the decline of diesel combustion performance, which leads to the lack power performance of diesel engine.The operation performance of diesel engine in plateau environment can be improved without changing the structure of diesel engine by adding oxygen-containing components such as alcohols, ethers and esters in diesel oil.The combustion characteristics, power performance and economy of the above oxygen-containing diesel fuel in diesel engine are compared.It is found that in the plateau environment, alcohol-containing diesel will prolong the ignition delay period of the engine, and the lower the carbon number of fatty alcohols, the more serious the impact.Ethers-containing diesel shortens ignition delay, but its calorific value is lower.The ester-containing diesel oil shows a high freezing point, so it is difficult to be used in the low temperature environment on the plateau.Hybrid oxygen-containing diesel may cover the advantages of oxygen-containing diesel fuels.It is suggested that the novel oxygen-containing diesel fuel for plateau environment shall focus on polyether, short-chain esters and a small amount of long-chain alcohol hybrid components.

杨修政(1999-),男,硕士生