以十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十八酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料,通过酯化和季铵化两步反应合成了4种Gemini型酯基季铵盐表面活性剂分子(EG-n,n为碳链长度)。利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对所得中间体的结构进行表征,并对其表面张力、润湿性能、抗静电性能、柔软性能、织物白度进行了测试。结果表明,合成的4种EG-n均表现出较高的表面活性,其中EG-12的表面活性最高,其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.43×10^-4 mol/L,平衡表面张力(γ_CMC)为23.34 mN/m;4种EG-n均能将石蜡膜表面润湿,且EG-12的润湿性能最好;4种EG-n均能达到织物柔顺剂的抗静电性要求,且EG-12的抗静电性能最好;长碳链的EG-18柔软性能最好,且对棉布白度的影响最小。

Four kinds of Gemini ester-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactant molecules (EG-n) are synthesized from dodecanoic acid,tetraceuteic acid,cetanoic acid,octadecanoic acid,N,N-dimethylethanolamine and 1,4-dibromobutane by a two-step reaction of esterification and quaternization.The structure of the obtained intermediates is characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The surface tension,wettability,antistatic property,flexible property and fabric whiteness of the intermediates are tested.Results show that all the four kinds of EG-n show high surface activity,among which EG-12 shows the highest surface activity with a critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 3.43×10^-4 mol·L^-1 and an equilibrium surface tension (γ_CMC) of 23.34 mN·m^-1.Each EG-n can wet the surface of paraffin film,and EG-12 exhibits the best wettability.All EG-n can meet the antistatic requirements of fabric softener,and EG-12 has the best antistatic performance.EG-18 with a long carbon chain has the best softness and the least influence on the whiteness of cotton fabric.

艾浩康(1998-),男,硕士生,研究方向为表面活性剂的合成与应用,18932775808@163.com。