针对最主要的CO₂捕集方法溶剂吸收法，系统梳理了吸收剂有机胺、离子液体、低共熔溶剂以及相变溶剂在碳捕集领域的技术发展历程和现状，并分析了相关技术的发展趋势。目前溶剂吸收法主要以有机胺为主，但仍面临能耗和降解率高等问题，新型胺液溶剂的开发和应用还需时间验证。离子液体、低共熔溶剂和相变溶剂尽管具有替代有机胺捕集CO₂的潜力，但受成本和溶剂黏度的限制，依然面临着较多的技术挑战。因此，溶剂吸收法捕集CO₂技术开发仍有很大的提升空间。

Focusing on solvent absorption method, which is the major carbon capture method, this article systematically reviews the technological development history and current status of organic amines, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and phase change solvents in the field of carbon capture, and also analyzes the development trends of related technologies.At present, solvent absorption methods mainly rely on organic amines, but still face issues such as high energy consumption and high degradation rates.The development and application of novel amine liquid solvents still need time to verify their feasibility.Although ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and phase change solvents have the potential to replace organic amines in capturing CO₂, they still face many technical challenges due to cost and solvent viscosity limitations.Therefore, there is still great space for improvement in the development of solvent absorption method for CO₂ capture technology.