双碳目标加速了我国能源低碳化转型进程,未来将构建以可再生能源为主体的新型能源生产体系和以电、氢为主体的新型能源消费体系。可再生能源制零碳天然气(PTM)不仅能够解决高比例可再生能源的削峰、储能和消纳等难题,还能大规模利用CO₂制取零碳天然气,为下游提供碳中和的清洁能源。对PTM技术中电解和CO₂甲烷化的不同技术路线进行对比,总结了发展现状和技术难点、效率、经济性和竞争力,预期其在我国未来碳中和中的作用和意义,对下一步降低成本和研究方向提出建议。

“Carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutralization” goal is accelerating China's low-carbon energy transformation process.In the future,China will establish a new energy production system with renewables as the main energy,and a new energy consumption system mainly using electricity and hydrogen.Renewable energy to methane (PTM) can solve the problems of peak shaving,energy storage and absorption,brought by high proportion of renewable energy,and also make large-scale use of CO₂ to produce "carbon neutralization natural gas".This paper compares different electrolysis and CO₂ methanation routes in PTM,summarizes the development status,technical difficulties,efficiency,economy and competitiveness,anticipates their roles and significance in China's future carbon neutralization process,and puts forward suggestions on cost reduction and research direction in the next step.