概述了近年来国内外CO₂以气体形式转化制备固体碳材料的几种方法的研究进展，包括镁热还原法、无机化合物还原法、熔融盐电还原法以及新型转化技术，重点综述了不同转化方法的技术特点和对碳形貌调控的关键。总结了不同转化路线的优缺点并分析了不同技术的工业应用前景，未来可结合可再生能源驱动转化过程以实现CO₂减排与高值化利用，促进尽早实现碳中和目标。

This paper summarizes global research progress on several methods for preparing solid carbon materials by conversion of gaseous CO₂ in recent years, including magnesium thermal reduction method, inorganic compounds reduction method, molten salt electroreduction method and new conversion technology, with emphasis on technical characteristics and research progress of various conversion methods.The advantages and disadvantages of different conversion routes are summarized, and the industrial application prospects of different technologies are analyzed.It is concluded that the conversion process can be driven by renewable energy in the future to achieve CO₂ emission reduction and high-value utilization, which can promote the realization of carbon neutralization as soon as possible.

代元元(1990-),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为绿色催化工程,daiyuanyuan@chinaerdos.com。