稳定性肥料的核心是硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂。系统梳理了国内外抑制剂和稳定性肥料的发展趋势，并提出了我国发展思路。全球硝化抑制剂从2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶（CP）、双氰胺（DCD）发展到3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP），逐步解决了毒性大、不水溶、稳定性差等问题。脲酶抑制剂从氢醌（HQ）、苯基磷酰二胺（PPD）发展到目前的N-正丁基硫代磷酰三胺（NBPT），逐步解决了毒性大、添加量高等问题。国内外肥料企业已将抑制剂广泛添加到尿素、硫酸铵、尿素硝铵溶液、复合肥等肥料中，应用面逐步拓宽。但稳定性肥料产品目前均存在持效期短、稳定性差、价格偏高等共性问题。未来在我国发展需着重突破几项关键技术，包括抑制剂在不同肥料中的添加工艺，开发硝化抑制剂与脲酶抑制剂的添加保护技术，研发适合不同作物、不同区域的专用稳定性肥料，开发抑制剂与功能物质配合添加技术等。

The core of stable fertilizer is nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor.Global development trend of inhibitors and stable fertilizers is systematically reviewed and the development ideas for China is proposed.Global nitrification inhibitors have developed from 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (CP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) to 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP),gradually solving the problems of high toxicity,insoluble in water and poor stability.Urease inhibitors have developed from hydroquinone (HQ) and phenylphosphoryl diamine (PPD) to N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide (NBPT),having gradually solved the problems of high toxicity and high addition amount.At present,fertilizer enterprises worldwide have widely added inhibitors into urea,ammonium sulfate,urea ammonium nitrate solution,compound fertilizer and other fertilizers,and gradually widened the application scope.However,stable fertilizer products still exist common problems such as short duration,poor stability and high price.In the future,the development of stable fertilizer products in China needs to focus on breaking through several key technologies,including the addition process of inhibitors in different fertilizers,the addition protection technology of nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors,and special stable fertilizers suitable for different crops and regions,and the development of inhibitors and functional substances with the addition of technology.

李思平(1996-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为植物营养学,lisiping911@163.com