系统论述了纳米驱油技术提高原油采收率的机理,包括降低油水界面张力、改变油藏润湿性、分离压驱油、调剖堵水、改善流度比及防止沥青质沉淀阻塞油藏孔道。而针对常规纳米驱油体系因自身不稳定易发生材料的聚沉进而影响提高油藏采收率的效果,解决方法是对常规纳米颗粒接枝不同的官能团进行改性来实现稳定性;同时,特殊的官能团和驱油纳米材料的有机结合能形成对温度、磁性、pH及含油饱和度敏感的智能纳米驱油体系,实现对油藏剩余油的定向挖潜,改善油藏的驱油效果。

The mechanism of nanomaterial flooding technology to enhance oil recovery is systematically expounded,including reducing the oil-water interfacial tension,changing the reservoir wettability,flooding oil with separation pressure,adjusting the water injection absorption profile,improving the mobility ratio,and preventing asphaltene precipitation to block reservoir pores.However,conventional nanomaterial flooding system itself is unstable and prone to the coagulation,which reduces the effect of enhancing oil recovery.In order to solve the problem,conventional nanoparticles are grafted with different functional groups to achieve stability,while the combination of special organic functional groups and oil-displacing nanomaterials methods can form an intelligent nanomaterial flooding system,which is sensitive to temperature,magnetism,pH value or oil saturation,therefore realizing the directional tapping of remaining oil in a reservoir and improving the oil displacement effect of reservoir.

张志超(1987-),男,博士,工程师,从事油藏提高采收率及二氧化碳地质埋存研究