简述了"碳达峰、碳中和"背景下比较有前景的3种新能源技术及其发展趋势。光伏、风力发电及制氢技术具有成本低且清洁无污染的优点,有利于实现能源保障和碳减排,但存在地域条件等限制;CO₂加氢制甲醇和乙醇技术有利于废气的回收再利用,绿色环保且能减少碳排放,未来的发展方向是高效催化剂及工艺的开发;城市生活垃圾制氢技术可变废为宝,实现废固的综合利用,且环保效益显著,未来的发展趋势是高效的垃圾焚烧制氢工艺及焚烧设备的开发设计。在全球"碳达峰、碳中和"及环保要求日益严格的形势下,上述3种技术在碳减排方面应用前景广阔,有望得到大力发展。

This review introduces three promising new energy technologies under "carbon neutralization and carbon peak",and their development trends.Photovoltaic power generation,wind power generation and hydrogen production technologies have the advantages of low cost,clean and pollution-free,which are conducive to realize energy supply security and carbon emission reduction,but face problems such as regional conditions.The technology for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol and ethanol is conducive to the recovery and reuse of waste gas,remarking with environment friendly and carbon emission reduction,for which the development of efficient catalysts and processes will be the key point in the future.The technology for hydrogen production from municipal solid wastes can transform wastes into valuable matters,realizing comprehensive utilization of solid wastes and achieving remarkable environmental benefits,for which the development and design of efficient incineration equipment and hydrogen production process is the trend in the future.Under the increasingly strict requirements of "carbon peak,carbon neutralization" and environmental protection in the world,it is proposed that these three technologies have broad application prospects in carbon emission reduction,and are expected to be vigorously developed.