总结了纳米纤维素晶体和纳米纤维素纤丝作为增强材料在天然高分子材料中的最新发展和应用。对比了生物质基纳米纤维素的原料来源、制备方法和形貌尺寸，总结2种纳米纤维素的性能特点，分类探讨了2种纳米纤维素对天然高分子材料的机械性能、阻隔性能、吸水性能和热稳定性的增强效果。纳米纤维素具有纳米尺度、高结晶性和形成氢键的能力，与基体高分子形成强大的氢键网络结构，可以显著提高基体材料的相关性能。纳米纤维素增强天然高分子材料在着重强调机械性能和阻隔性能的包装材料行业具有巨大发展潜力。

Latest development and application of natural polymer materials reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose are summed up.Raw material sources,preparation methods and morphologies and sizes of biomass-based nanocellulose are compared,and the performance characteristics of two kinds of nanocellulose are summarized.The reinforcing effects of two kinds of nanocellulose on the mechanical properties,barrier properties,water absorption properties and thermal stability of natural polymer materials are discussed,respectively.Nanocellulose has nanometer scale,high crystallinity and the ability to form hydrogen bond,and can form strong hydrogen bond network structure with the matrix polymer,which can significantly improve the related properties of the matrix material.Natural polymer materials reinforced with nanocellulose have great potential in the packaging material industry,which emphasizes mechanical properties and barrier properties.