以棉浆板为纤维素原料、ZnCl₂溶液为溶剂，分别以水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮为凝固浴，通过相转化法制备了4种纤维素膜。通过膜的微观形貌对比分析了其形成机理，测定了不同膜在水通量、孔隙率及干燥后力学性能的差异。结果表明，4种膜内部均为纤维网状结构，其中以水为凝固浴制得的膜的内部纤维较为舒展、粗大，表皮为多孔状；而以有机溶剂制得的膜的内部纤维为卷曲、结团状，且出现指状孔，表皮为致密光滑状。4种膜的FT-IR、XRD、TG表征结果无显著差异，均由纤维素Ⅰ型变为纤维素Ⅱ型，结晶度降低，热稳定性降低30℃左右，残碳量增高。

Four kinds of cellulose membranes are manufactured from cotton pulp board through the phase inversion method,with ZnCl₂ solution as solvent,and water,methanol,ethanol and acetone as coagulation baths,respectively.The microstructure of the membranes is observed and the formation mechanism is analyzed.Sequentially,the differences of those membranes in water flux,porosity and mechanical properties after drying are determined.The results show that the inner structure of all four membranes is a fibrous network structure.The membrane made with water as a coagulation bath has relatively stretched and thick internal fibers,as well as a porous skin,while the membrane made with organic solvents possesses curled and clumped internal fibers with finger-shaped pores,and dense and smooth skin.There is no significant differences among the four kinds of membranes in FT-IR,XRD and TG characterization.Compared with cotton linter,the membrane's crystal form changes from cellulose I to cellulose Ⅱ,its crystallinity decreases,its thermal stability decreases by about 30℃,and the residual carbon amount within the membrane increases.

杨浩(1995-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为纤维素膜的制备与应用,yanghao.yang@qq.com