塔河油田稠油集输多采用加热输送方式，传统水套加热炉加热传热过程效率欠佳，造成不必要的能源消耗，为此，将传热性能优良的纳米流体引入到原油加热输送系统中。结果表明，纳米颗粒均匀悬浮于基液之中，且不发生颗粒的团聚，充分利用纳米颗粒的微尺度效应特征，提高了纳米流体在原油加热系统中传热性能。同时，从分散剂浓度、分散剂种类、超声功率、超声时间及颗粒添加量方面对纳米流体稳定性影响进行了定量研究，氧化铝纳米流体分散剂的类型宜选用0.06% SHP分散剂，二氧化硅和二氧化钛纳米流体宜选用0.125% CTAB；超声功率在375~450 W之间时，颗粒的分散性最优；超声时间增长，超声能量足以抵抗颗粒团聚的静电吸引力，颗粒的分散效果得到改善；颗粒质量分数不得超过0.75%。塔河油田原油输送系统使用纳米流体，热能利用率提高了16.8%。

Heavy oil from Tahe Oilfield has mostly been gathered and transferred by heating transportation way.The traditional water jacket heating furnace is inefficient in the processes of heating and heat transfer,resulting in unnecessary energy consumption.Therefore,nanofluid,as a medium with excellent heat transfer performance,is used in the heating system of crude oil,aiming at providing a new direction for improving heat gathering and transportation efficiency.It is very significant for micro-scale effect of nanoparticles and the heat transfer performance of nanofluids to obtain uniformly suspended and distributed nanofluid without particles agglomeration.The impacts of the mass fraction and type of dispersant,ultrasonic power and time,and the adding amount of particles on the stability of nanofluids are quantitatively studied.As for alumina nanofluid,0.06% SHP dispersant shall be the suitable one.And 0.125% CTAB is suitable for silica and titanium dioxide nanofluids.The dispersibility of particles will be the best when the ultrasonic power is between 375 W and 450 W.With the extension of ultrasonic time,ultrasonic energy is enough to resist the electrostatic attraction of particles agglomeration,and good dispersion effect of particles can be obtained.Particle concentration shall not surpass 0.75%.With the use of nanofluids in the crude oil transportation system of Tahe Oilfield,the utilization rate of thermal energy has been increased by 16.8%.

常小虎(1986-),男,本科,助理研究员,主要从事油气田地面规划及相关技术研究,scnoop@163.cm