研究制定适用于海上油气开采行业的碳排放配额分配方法，对全国统一碳市场的建立及油气开采行业配额分配方案的确定具有重要参考价值。通过分析海上油气开采行业的碳排放特点，研究了现有碳排放配额分配方法对于该行业的适用性，提出了适用于海上油气开采行业的碳排放配额分配方法：在碳市场初期，可暂时采用历史强度下降法进行配额分配，当积累到一定量的数据基础后，再逐渐转为基准线法；基准线法是碳市场配额分配方法的发展趋势，海上油气田开采行业应设置单独的行业基准线；鉴于海上油/气田资源特点、开采方式和处理工艺的不同，基准值建议分为海上油田、气田和高含二氧化碳气田3个类型分别设定，并引入修正系数；结合技术的不断进步，适时对基准线进行修正和调整。

Studying and formulating the carbon emission quota allocation methods applicable to the offshore oil and gas exploitation industry is of great reference value for the establishment of China's unified carbon market and the determination of the quota allocation scheme of the oil and gas exploitation industry.Through analyzing the carbon emission characteristics of the offshore oil and gas exploitation industry,the applicability of the existing carbon emission quota allocation method to the industry is studied.The carbon emission quota allocation method applicable to the offshore oil and gas exploitation industry is proposed as follows:In the early stage of carbon market,the historical strength reduction method can be temporarily used for quota allocation.When a certain amount of data base is accumulated,the benchmarking method is gradually used,which represents the development trend of carbon emission quota method.The benchmarking for the offshore oil and gas exploitation industry shall be formulated individually.In view of the differences of offshore oil and gas field resource characteristics,production mode and treatment process,the benchmark values are proposed to be set in three types:offshore oilfield,offshore gas field and high carbon dioxide-containing gas field,respectively,and correction coefficient is added.With the continuous advancement of technology,benchmark values shall be modified on time.