为提高金属Rh纳米颗粒的催化性能，采用微波辅助加热法，以乙酰丙酮铱[Rh（acac）₃]为前驱体、三缩四乙二醇（TEG）为溶剂和还原剂、KI和正丁胺（BA）为复合形貌控制剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为稳定剂，控制合成Rh纳米颗粒的形貌，并考察其催化硝基苯加氢的性能。结果表明，微波辐照80 s可成功制得形貌单一的超支化多级Rh纳米晶；反应体系中，最适宜n[Rh（acac）₃]：n（PVP）：n（KI）：n（BA）为1：10：10：0.075；所制备的超支化多级Rh纳米晶催化硝基苯加氢，在50℃、0.5 MPa的H₂压力下反应4 h，硝基苯转化率为100%，苯胺选择性为99.9%，重复使用5次催化效率不变。可见，采用微波法可快速合成超支化多级Rh纳米晶，且所合成的超支化多级Rh纳米晶表现出高的催化活性、选择性和良好的重复使用性。

To gain a higher catalytic performance,Rh nanoparticles with a definite morphology are synthesized with Rh(acac)₃ as a precursor,tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as both a solvent and a reducing agent,KI and n-butyl amine (BA) as morphology-controlling agents,and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer by means of microwave-assisted heating method.The catalytic performance of the prepared Rh nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is investigated.The results demonstrates that hyperbranched hierarchical Rh nanodendrites with a uniform morphology are prepared successfully under microwave irradiation for 80 s in a reaction system with an optimal n(Rh(acac)₃):n(PVP):n(KI):n(BA) of 1:10:10:0.075.Nitrobenzene is hydrogenated over the as-prepared hyperbranched hierarchical Rh nanodendrites at 50℃ and 0.5 MPa H₂ for 4 h,which delivers a 100% conversion of nitrobenzene and a 99.9% selectivity of aniline.The catalytic efficiency of the nanodendrites remains unchanged after 5 times of reuse.It can be seen that the hyperbranched hierarchical Rh nanodendrites can be synthesized rapidly by microwave method,and shows high catalytic activity,selectivity and good reusability.

方园(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事纳米材料的研究,1395716696@qq.com