介绍了油田采油废水的主要成分、废水的特点、废水的处理现状以及处理技术工艺，对其中的物理法、化学法、生物法等处理技术进行了详细的介绍，当前油田采油废水成分复杂，单一的处理工艺很难达到油田采油废水的排放标准，新的技术虽然出现，但在应用上还存在困难。因此，未来油田采油废水处理技术更倾向于多种技术联用。

This review introduces the main components and characteristics of oilfield wastewater,the status of wastewater treatment,as well as the related treatment technologies with emphasis on the physical,chemical and biological methods.It is shown that oilfield wastewater contains complex components,which is difficult to meet the discharge standards through treatment by a single treatment technology.Newly developed technologies have still problems in practical application.Therefore,in the future,oilfield wastewater tends to be treated by a combination of multiple technologies.