基于我国镉供需领域、供需量的调研和现状分析，确定了目前镉的主要供应源为镉的生产和进口，镉的主要应用领域包括镉镍电池的生产、颜料和涂料生产、电镀行业与聚氯乙烯（PVC）稳定剂和太阳能电池用半导体，以及镉合金。针对我国涉镉排放源、镉使用量和排放量底数不清、缺乏有力源头污染控制措施的问题，提出了建立与完善涉镉企业全口径清单、探索建立镉风险防控管理体系、加强源头防范的管控对策建议。

Based on the investigation and analysis for China's supply and demand of cadmium,the production and import of cadmium are identified as the main sources of cadmium in China.Cadmium is mainly used in the production of nickel-cadmium batteries,pigments,coatings,stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride,semiconductor for solar cells and cadmium alloys as well as in the electroplating industry.To solve the problems such as unknown cadmium-related emission sources,cadmium usage and emissions of cadmium-containing pollutants,and lack of effective control measures for pollution,this paper proposes to establish and complete the full-caliber list of cadmium-related enterprises,explore the establishment of cadmium risk prevention and control management system,and strengthen the management and control measures from sources.

王玉晶(1983-),女,硕士,高级工程师,从事重金属污染防治管理技术对策研究,010-84665461,wangyujing@mepscc.cn