采用多模微波加热系统，以活性炭为辅助吸收微波材料，开展减压渣油的裂化反应研究，评价了产物油及气体的性质，探究了沥青质在微波加热过程中所发生的化学变化，并对微波效应加以阐释。结果表明，在活性炭质量分数为2%、微波加热时间为30 min的反应条件下，产物油的黏度降低84.8%，沥青质质量分数降低7.1%；气体产物含低级烃类；沥青质的烷基侧链在反应过程中断裂，同时其内核芳香片层单元结构的有序程度增大；微波热点效应使得微波加热下渣油的裂化程度较常规加热时大。

The cracking reaction of vacuum distillation residue (VDR) is carried out in a multi-model microwave heating device,using activated carbon as microwave absorbent.The properties of produced oil and gas are evaluated.The chemical reaction that asphaltenes undergo during microwave heating is explored and the enhancing effect of microwave is elucidated.The results show that the viscosity of produced oil decreases by 84.8% and asphaltenes content decreases by 7.1% when the mass fraction of activated carbon is 2% and microwave heating lasts for 30 min.Gases product contains lower hydrocarbons.The alkyl side chains of asphaltenes are cracked during reaction.Meanwhile,the core aromatic layers of asphaltenes arrange in a more ordered manner.The results also show that the cracking degree of VDR is greater under microwave heating than that under conventional heating due to microwave hot spot effect.

张洋(1990-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为重质油加工,991860969@qq.com