为了改善活性炭纤维的电化学性能、提高比电容，以硝酸镍和硝酸钴为金属源、尿素为碱源，采用水热法对一步活化法制备出的PAN基活性炭纤维（ACF）进行修饰，使其表面均匀负载海胆状的镍钴氧化物（ACF/NiCo₂O₄），通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射等对样品进行形貌和成分表征，采用三电极体系对材料进行电化学性能测试。结果表明，在1 A/g的电流密度下，其质量比电容达到469.4 F/g，而电压降只有-0.004 5 V，恒流充放电循环5 000圈后，其电容保持率为97.87%，证明ACF/NiCo₂O₄材料具有较大的比电容和良好的循环稳定性，可用作超级电容器电极材料。

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of activated carbon fiber and increase its specific capacitance,PAN-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) prepared by one-step activation method is modified by means of hydrothermal method using nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate as metal sources and urea as alkali source,which has its surface uniformly loaded with urchin-like nickel-cobalt oxide (ACF/NiCo₂O₄).The morphology and composition of the sample are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD),and its electrochemical performance is tested by using a three-electrode system.The results show that the mass specific capacitance of the sample reaches 469.4 F·g^-1 at a current density of 1 A·g^-1,and the voltage drop is only -0.004 5 V.After 5 000 cycles of charge-discharge,the capacitance retention rate is 97.87%,proving that ACF/NiCo₂O₄ material has a larger specific capacitance and a good cycle stability,and can be used as a good supercapacitor electrode material.

许世超(1975-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为电化学,xushichao@tjpu.edu.cn