以1-乙烯基咪唑、溴代正丁烷和四氟硼酸钠为原料，采用两步合成法制得目标产物1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振氢谱（¹HNMR）对目标产物进行表征。分别探究了1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐-双硫腙、双硫腙-氯仿3种体系对废水中的Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的萃取效率，结果表明，在最佳条件下，1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐-双硫腙体系的萃取效率最好；在该体系中探究了温度、pH、萃取时间、离子初始浓度等对废水中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺萃取效率的影响，结果表明，在最佳条件下，1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑四氟硼酸盐-双硫腙体系对废水中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺萃取效率分别为94%、83%。

1-Vinyl-3-butylimidazole tetrafluoroborate[BVIM] [BF₄] is synthesized by a two-step synthesis method with 1-vinylimidazole,N-butyl bromide and sodium tetrafluoroborate as raw materials,and characterized by FT-IR and ¹HNMR.The effects of three extraction systems including[BVIM] [BF₄],[BVIM] [BF₄]-dithizone,dithizone-chloroform respectively in extracting Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in wastewater are studied.The result indicates that the[BVIM] [BF₄]-dithizone system can generate the best extraction effect under optimum conditions.The influences of temperature,pH,extraction time and initial ion concentration on the efficiency in using the[BVIM] [BF₄]-dithizone system to extract Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ from wastewater are investigated.The extraction efficiencies of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in wastewater are 94% and 83% respectively by using[BVIM] [BF₄]-dithizone.

涂盛辉(1964-),男,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为废水处理及固体废弃物处理,tshnc@163.com