在对油田采出水水质特点及回注水水质标准分析的基础上，针对油田采出水水量大、成分复杂、水质水量波动大等特点，综述了目前国内外应用广泛、油水分离效果较好的回注处理工艺，包括重力分离法、气浮法、水力旋流技术、粗粒化技术、过滤法、混凝沉淀法、化学氧化法、生物处理法和膜分离技术等，并对比分析了各种处理方法在工程应用中的优缺点。同时介绍了2种国内研发的采出水处理新装备，分别是应用于海上油田的小型化管道式油水分离器和应用于陆地油田高含水期的一体化预分水装置。最后展望了油田采出水处理技术装备的发展趋势，低成本、高效率、小型化、自动化是今后采出水处理技术及设备发展的方向。

Typically,oilfield produced water has characteristics such as large amount,complex compositions and violent fluctuations of quality and quantity of water.Based on analyzing the characteristics of oilfield produced water and the standards of reinjected water,this paper reviews the reinjection and treatment technologies that are commonly used worldwide at present and can achieve better separation efficiency of oil and water,such as gravitational separation method,gas flotation method,hydrocyclone technology,coarse graining technology,filtration method,coagulation sedimentation method,chemical oxidation method,biological treatment technology,membrane separation technology and so on.Their advantages and disadvantages in practical applications are compared and analyzed.Additionally,two sets of novel treatment equipment for oilfield produced water are introduced,and the development trends of technologies and equipment for produced water treatment and reinjection are prospected.