在国内外石化行业发展历程中，因员工误操作阀门引发过程安全事故的案例时有发生。通过分析可知，石化装置内有部分不属于主流程范围、而在正常生产中也无需操作调整的手阀被误操作的概率较大，此类阀门一旦被误操作可能会引发非常严重的事故后果。通过归纳总结石化装置中需要执行特殊管理手阀的几种类型，指导设计单位和运行单位辨识装置中需要特殊管理的手阀，再基于风险的概念，通过阀门被误操作的后果严重程度和被误操作的可能性，综合评估其所需的管理级别，指导企业合理选择防止手阀被误操作的管理模式。

In the development process of petrochemical industry at home and abroad,the accident cases caused by workers' maloperation of valves have occurred frequently.It is found through analysis that maloperations have more probability to happen at the hand valves that are not in the main process and do not need to be operated or adjusted in normal production in petrochemical facilities.It will possibly lead to very serious accident consequences if such valves are mistakenly operated.Therefore,several types of hand valves that need to be specially managed in petrochemical facilities are summarized in order to guide the designers and operating companies to identify them.Then,based on the concept of risk,the required management level for specific hand valve are evaluated comprehensively through assessing the severity of the accident consequences caused by the maloperation of the valve and the possibility of its being operated incorrectly,which can guide the operating companies to select rationally the management mode to prevent the maloperation.

酒江波(1982-),男,工程师,从事危险化学品企业和生产装置的安全评估、HAZOP、SIL评估以及企业过程安全管理的实践等,18661484050,jiangbo129@sina.cn