介绍了分子筛催化剂催化烯烃齐聚的反应机理和反应特点，分析了不同分子筛的孔道结构和活性中心以及不同烯烃齐聚工艺反应条件对烯烃齐聚合成中间馏分油的影响。结果表明，具有一维孔道结构的10或12元环分子筛是烯烃齐聚合成中间馏分油的潜在催化材料；减小分子筛的晶粒和开发具有多级孔结构的分子筛有利于减弱一维孔道分子筛的扩散限制；适中的B酸强度和B酸密度有利于提高中间馏分油的选择性。

The reaction mechanism and characteristics of olefin oligomerization over molecular sieves catalysts are reviewed.The influences of the pore channel structure and active center of different molecular sieves and the different oligomerization process conditions on the olefin oligomerization to produce middle distillates are also analyzed.It is found that the 10 or 12-membered rings molecular sieves with one-dimensional pore channel structure is identified as the potential catalytic materials for olefin oligomerization to make middle distillates.The mass-transfer limitation for one-dimensional pore channel can be solved by decreasing grain size of molecular sieves and developing multistage pore structural molecular sieves with one-dimensional pore channel.Moderate acid strength and acid density of Bronsted acid will help to improve the selectivity of middle distillate.The future trends of olefin oligomerization are prospected.Some suggestions are also put forward for the development of excellent and stable molecular sieve catalysts.

王文科(1991-),男,硕士生。