以明胶和壳聚糖为主要原料，戊二醛为交联剂，采用反相乳化法制备载钾离子半互穿聚合物网络结构微球。考察了不同因素对微球中K₂O质量分数包封率的影响，确定了优化工艺条件。且在此优化条件下制备的微球K₂O的质量分数以及包封率分别为20.96%、28.13%。借助于傅里叶红外（FT-IR）、X-射线衍射（XRD）技术对微球进行了性能和结构表征。结果表明，明胶与壳聚糖之间形成互穿网络结构，K⁺成功负载在微球中。通过缓释性测试发现，改变CS和交联剂用量可以调控K⁺释放速率，且通过经验方程对数据进行拟合分析表明，微球中K⁺释放符合菲克扩散模型，具有潜在缓释钾肥应用价值。

The potassium ion supporting semi-interpenetrating polymer network microspheres are prepared by the inverse emulsion method using gelatin and chitosan as main raw materials and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker.The influences of different factors on the mass fraction and encapsulation efficiency of K₂O in the microspheres are determined and the optimum conditions are obtained.The mass fraction and encapsulation efficiency of K₂O in the microspheres prepared under the optimum conditions is 20.96% and 28.13% respectively.The prepared microspheres are characterized by FTIR and XRD.The results prove that the interpenetrating network structure is formed between gelatin and chitosan,and potassium ion is successfully encapsulated in the microspheres.It is found in the test of slow release performance that the release rate of potassium ion can be controlled by adjusting both the extent of crosslinking agent and the amount of chitosan in the preparation of microspheres.An empirical equation is used to do fitting analysis,indicating that the slow release of potassium ion in the microspheres tallies with Fick diffusion model,and has great potential for applications in slow release fertilizer.

洪俊逸(1991-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事天然资源化学应用研究,hj9635741@163.com