With the global attention to environmental,social,and corporate governance (ESG) issues,stakeholders are also putting forward new requirements for companies’ ESG performance and information disclosure.Since 2024,ESG policies have been frequently introduced and ESG regulation has become more standardized.From the perspective of policy regulation trends,the quality requirements for ESG information disclosure are gradually increasing,the coverage is further expanding,and the disclosure principles are gradually transitioning from single materiality to dual materiality.The EU’s “European Sustainability Reporting Standards”,and China’s “Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines-Basic Guidelines (Trial) ”,“Guidelines for Sustainable Development Reporting of Listed Companies (Trial) ”,“Guidelines for Self Regulatory Supervision of Listed Companies-Preparation of Sustainable Development Reports (Draft for Comments) ” and other documents have all introduced the dual materiality principle,which covers financial materiality and impact materiality.Based on the above background,this article discusses the definition,current situation,and evaluation methods for dual materiality,and proposes application suggestions.

As an innovative clean energy solution,seawater to hydrogen technology decomposes water molecules in seawater to produce hydrogen,offering significant application potential and environmental benefit.This paper systematically analyzes China’s development status of seawater to hydrogen technology,including major technical routes such as seawater electrolysis,photocatalytic seawater decomposition,and thermochemical seawater decomposition.It evaluates the research progress and application cases of each technology.The study indicates that improving conversion efficiency,reducing cost,and achieving large-scale application are the current focuses of technological development.Additionally,this paper explores the application prospects of seawater to hydrogen in the areas such as transportation,industry,energy storage,and remote regions.It also proposes development recommendations including policy support,investment in technological research and development,standard formulation,international cooperation,and public awareness campaigns to promote further development and widespread application of this technology,providing a new pathway for achieving clean energy transition and environmental protection goals.

This analysis delves into the hydrogen storage and transmission challenges faced by wind-solar-hydrogen integrated stations in addressing the instability in the hydrogen production process,which is triggered by fluctuations in renewable energy sources.In a response,diversified strategies for hydrogen storage and transmission are proposed according to the varying storage scales across different application scenarios.Furthermore,the development recommendations for hydrogen storage in the future are provided,aiming to balance supply and demand fluctuations effectively,and ensure the continuity and stability of hydrogen energy supply.Optimizing hydrogen storage and transportation technologies represents a pivotal breakthrough in hydrogen energy industry technology,and also a core driving force propelling the industrialization and large-scale development of the hydrogen energy sector.

By applying the patent information analysis method,the technological development trend as well as the technological research and development path in the field of hydrogen pipeline network safe transportation are studied from the aspects such as overall trend and main technological composition.Research results show that the development of hydrogen pipeline network transportation technology has gone through three stages,namely the embryonic stage,the slowly increasing stage and the rapidly increasing stage.The patent application trend will continue to increase at the current period and for a period in the future.Hydrogen pipeline transportation technology is an important development direction for addressing the issues of long-distance and large-scale transportation of hydrogen energy.Anti hydrogen embrittlement pipeline material technology and hydrogen leakage detection technology for pipeline networks are the main research directions of hydrogen pipeline transportation technology.

The preparation methods and characteristics of carbon dot-based hydrogel (CDH),as well as its application in treatment of water pollution are reviewed.The synthetic methods of CDH are introduced,including the synthesis technology route of carbon dots (top-down and bottom-up methods) and the combination mode of carbon dots and hydrogel (independent synthesis and in-situ synthesis).The performance of CDH in detecting and adsorbing pollutants in water is researched and summarized.The detection mechanism of CDH,involving fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancing,is explored,and the corresponding adsorption mechanism such as electrostatic interaction,ion exchange,and surface complexation is also expounded.Given the fluorescence stability and high adsorption ability,CDH displays significant superiority in detecting and removing heavy metal ions,organic compounds and antibiotics,showing a promising application prospect.However,the stability of CDH under dynamic conditions and the integration of its sensing functions still need further optimization.The research directions for CDH in the future is also proposed,such as optimizing the design of carbon dots,simplifying the production process,improving the stability of materials,and developing the matched analysis technology,aiming to promote the application of CDH in environmental protection and sustainable development.

The publicly reported preparation methods and basic physicochemical properties of electrolyte sodium salts are summarized.Advantages and disadvantages of different sodium salts and their applications in the field of sodium-ion batteries are reviewed,and the development prospects and research methods of electrolyte sodium salts are predicted,providing a reference for the practical research of sodium-ion batteries.

Non-food biomass feedstocks for carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) preparation are firstly introduced from biomass feedstocks for CMC preparation.According to the CMC preparation process,the extraction,alkalization and etherification processes for biomass cellulose,as well as the characterization and modification of CMC are reviewed,respectively.The use of green solvent pre-treatment method is the development direction for the extraction of cellulose.Using solution method in alkalization and etherification processes helps to prepare high-performance products.CMC with high substitution and high viscosity can be prepared through process innovation.Further physical and chemical modification can improve products’ performance.On this basis,the innovative applications of CMC in agriculture,environment,medical treatment,new energy and other fields are reviewed,new trends for CMC application are expounded,and the prospects of CMC applications in different fields are envisioned.

This paper outlines the basic principles of electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,explores the generation pathways of different products,and reviews the current research progress in active catalysts.Aiming at the challenges encountered in the electrocatalytic reduction process,this paper proposes a series of methods to enhance the performance of catalysts and summarizes the trend of catalyst development.These methods mainly include the use of nano-structure materials,the loading of catalysts onto the carriers with high specific surface area,and the optimization of catalysts through hetero-atom doping,alloying as well as causing defects.These methods can effectively enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalysts by changing their electron transport properties.

Based on the regulation of composition,morphology,and micro-structure for Ni-based catalysts,the latest research status about Ni-based catalysts in urea oxidation reaction (UOR) assisted hydrogen production from water splitting is summarized.The reaction mechanism and product analysis of UOR are also expounded.Furthermore,the focus is on exploring the impact of species,morphology,and micro-structure of Ni-based catalysts on UOR.Finally,the development prospects of UOR assisted hydrogen production from water splitting technology and the related efficient catalysts are predicted.

Several kinds of representative chitosan-based hydrogel are introduced systematically,including antibiotics-loading chitosan-based hydrogel,active substances-loading chitosan-based hydrogel and metals-containing antibiotics-free chitosan-based hydrogel.The research progress on chitosan-based hydrogel as antibacterial medical dressings in recent years is reviewed,including preparation methods,antibacterial mechanism and antibacterial properties.Additionally,the current limitations and future development of chitosan-based hydrogel are briefly evaluated.

The research status of lignin extraction using deep eutectic solvents (DES) is reviewed,including the physical and chemical properties of DES,the separation theory of DES for lignin extraction,influencing factors,strengthening methods,and separation limitation.The potential application prospects of DES in the separation and extraction of biomass lignin are also predicted.The viscosity and density of DES are influenced by the factors such as the content and type of hydrogen bond donors,as well as the temperature of reaction system.Reducing the viscosity and density of DES can enhance the mass transfer efficiency between DES and lignin-hydrocarbon compounds,thereby improving the extraction efficiency of lignin.In addition,the extraction efficiency of lignin also has relations to the type and content of functional groups in DES,as well as their acidity or alkalinity.Based on the designable characteristics of DES,the components of DES are screened out according to their property parameters.DES can be specifically tailored for the specific lignin separation system to improve the extraction rate and quality of lignin.Expanding the sources of lignin and developing extraction research of lignin from waste biomass will contribute to achieving the dual goals of environmental protection and wastes re-utilization.

The latest progress in the application of copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to produce multi-carbon products is reviewed,focusing on ethylene and ethanol.Multi-carbon products such as acetic acid and acetone are introduced.The existing problems and challenges faced in applying the catalysts in industrial construction are evaluated.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can convert carbon dioxide into other valuable materials due to their large specific surface area,diversified active sites and structural adjustability.The reviewed research progress on the application of MOFs in catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide includes the structural characteristics and synthesis methods of MOFs,the applications of MOFs in the reactions such as the hydrogenation and reduction of carbon dioxide,the reaction between carbon dioxide and alcohols,and the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to generate carbonates,as well as the regulation strategies of activity,selectivity and stability of MOFs catalysts.

CO₂ electrochemical reduction (CO₂ER) for the production of high value-added chemicals,such as ethylene,is important for the achievement of “carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality”.The research progress on the electrolytic cell design,the application,and the process optimization for the CO₂ER to ethylene technology is reviewed.The structural characteristics,performance advantages,and existing defects of different types of electrolytic cells are compared.The impact of key components of electrolytic cell,including gas diffusion electrodes,ion exchange membrane and flow pathways,and the process conditions on the electrolytic performance are analyzed,providing the theoretical basis for the research and application of CO₂ER to ethylene.

This article systematically reviews the preparation strategies and characterization methods for subnanometric metal cluster catalysts,and deeply analyzes their unique geometric/electronic effects compared with single-atom catalysts and nanocluster catalysts.On this basis,it systematically summarizes the extensive applications and outstanding performance of subnanometric metal cluster catalysts in several key fields such as electrochemical hydrogen evolution,catalytic dehydrogenation,and reverse water gas shift reaction.It also provides a forward-looking perspective on future research directions in this field,aiming to promote continuous development and technological breakthroughs in this field.

This review summarizes the relevant research on alumina-based composite support catalysts for hydrotreating,and elaborates on the roles of the composite support in the aspects such as adjusting acidity,enhancing the degrees of metal reduction and vulcanization,regulating pore structure,increasing active sites,and weakening the tendency of carbon deposition.The aim is to provide a reference for in-depth research in this field.

To prepare high-flux sponge-like polyethersulfone (PES) flat membrane,the cloud point titration method is used to determine the cloud point phase diagram of polyethersulfone/N,N-dimethylacetamide/diethylene glycol (PES/DMAc/DEG) ternary system.The structure of PES flat membrane is regulated through varying the proximity ratio (α) of the casting solution and the membrane thickness.Study findings show that as α increases,the surface of PES flat membrane transitions from dense to porous structure,and the membrane cross-section changes from finger-like pore structure to sponge-like structure,resulting in gradually increasing in pure water flux of the membrane.As the membrane thickness increases,the cross-section structure of PES flat membrane initially maintains the sponge-like structure,but later transforms into a finger-like pore structure.

In order to extract the soluble potassium in potassium-rich slate,the slate is subjected to alkali melt activation and acidification,and potassium is extracted while silicon and aluminum elements in the slate are prepared into wet gels containing silicon and aluminum oxides via a sol-gel method.Then,SiO₂ aerogel material and SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel material are obtained through supercritical drying method.Aerogel samples are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM),infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),contact angle measuring instrument and N₂ adsorption and desorption (BET).Results show that both SiO₂ aerogel powder and SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel powder have a continuous network of loose porous structure.The contact angles of both SiO₂ aerogel and SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel,which pass through hydrophobic modification,with water droplet in air are higher than 90°.Hydrophobic modification has little effect on the pore size of SiO₂ aerogel,while the pore size of SiO₂-Al₂O₃ composite aerogel becomes smaller significantly after hydrophobic modification.

The effects of environmental factors on the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons are investigated by using a single-factor method.Taking the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons as the response value,the conditions for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation are optimized through using response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm-optimized back propagation (GA-BP) neural network jointly,and the optimization results are compared.Results show that the target strain BM-1 is Bacillus mycoides.The optimal degradation conditions obtained after GA-BP neural network optimization are as follows:temperature is 35.10℃,pH is 7.96,the inoculation amount of bacterial solution is 5.17%,and initial crude oil concentration is 1.02%.Under these conditions,the experimental degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons reaches 63.15±0.73%,while the predicted value given by GA-BP neural network is 63.4926%,with a relative error of only 0.54% between the predicted and experimental values.The model demonstrates a high degree of fit (R=0.976 06),indicating that the application of GA-BP neural network optimization for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation conditions is reasonable and feasible.

A co-treatment technology combining scorodite precipitation and hydroxide neutralization precipitation is proposed,using iron-arsenic residue as the iron source and calcium carbide residue as the neutralizing agent.This method is developed to simultaneously treat with arsenic-calcium residue and iron-arsenic residue from nonferrous metallurgy,along with calcium carbide residue.Experimental results show that arsenic can be efficiently removed via scorodite precipitation method under the optimized conditions such as a pH of 0.6,a Fe/As molar ratio of 1.2,a reaction temperature of 140℃,and a reaction time of 10 hours.The remained metallurgical residue is neutralized with calcium carbide slag to pH=9.0,which achieves efficient removal of heavy metal ions and further enhances the removal rate of arsenic.Ultimately,the removal rates of As,Cd,Cu,Pb,and Zn all exceed 99%,and the environmental stability of the solid-phase products also meets China’s national regulatory limit.

The activity of electro-catalyst on oxygen cathode is a key factor affecting the property of lithium-O₂ batteries (LOBs).In this work,cobalt-nitrogen co-doped carbon skeleton (CoNC) is immersed in (NH₄)₂MoS₄ solution,and then MoS₂ nanosheets are grown on the surface of CoNC through centrifugation and calcination.The composite prepared has a mesoporous structure and abundant active sites such as Co,Co₉S₈,Co-N bond,and Mo-N bond.The coating of ultra-thin MoS₂ nanosheets can improve the stability of CoNC skeleton.Mo component induces the amorphous carbon of CoNC to transform to graphitic carbon during calcination in order to improve the conductivity.This study shows that MoS₂/Co₉S₈@CoNC is a good electro-catalyst for O₂ reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER).The LOBs with MoS₂/Co₉S₈@CoNC oxygen cathode show high specific discharge capacity (18 162 mA·h·g^-1) and good cycle stability (304 cycles).

A hydrated cerium oxide (HCO) nano-adsorbent with a high specific surface area (243.5 m²·g^-1) is prepared through a liquid phase precipitation method,and its characteristics in removing Pb²⁺ from acidic wastewater is studied.Experimental results reveal that HCO primarily exists in the forms of nano-scale particles and clusters with size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm,exhibiting excellent chemical stability within a pH range of 3-7.The optimal performance of HCO for removing Pb²⁺ is observed at pH=5-6,which can be attributed to a synergistic effect between electrostatic attraction and inner coordination complexation,achieving selective adsorption of Pb²⁺ even in the presence of coexisting ions with high concentration.The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model,with an equilibrium time of 180 min.Efficient regeneration of saturated HCO adsorbent is achieved by using acidic NaNO₃ solution,without significant decline in adsorption performance after regeneration.The regenerated HCO exhibits a potential for long-term recycling and re-utilization,demonstrating a promising application prospect in the field of lead removal from acidic wastewater.

Lignin is modified by laccase,and then used to prepare high-performance lignin-based phenolic resin adhesive.The impact of laccase modificationon functional groups and molecular weight of lignin are studied,and the process parameters of laccase modification are further optimized.Results indicate that lignin modified by laccase Lac15 is used to replace phenol to react with formaldehyde to prepare laccase-modified lignin-based phenolic resin adhesive (LLPF),showing a phenol substitution rate of 70%.The molecular weight of laccase-modified lignin is 18.9% lower than that of original lignin,the methoxy group content is 24.46% lower,the phenolic hydroxyl group content is slightly less,and the overall reactivity becomes higher.The dry and wet bonding strength of LLPF adhesive prepared under the same process conditions reach 2.11 MPa and 1.82 MPa,respectively,which are 42.5% and 40.0% respectively than those of lignin-based phenolic resin (LPF).

To address the narrow light response range and high photocarrier recombination rate of graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄),and enhance its photocatalytic performance,g-C₃N₄ is prepared by using melamine as a precursor,and mixed with ammonium chloride with varying mass fractions,subsequently heat-treated in an air atmosphere to prepare defective g-C₃N₄.The structure and properties of the defective g-C₃N₄ catalyst are thoroughly analyzed by means of a variety of characterization techniques,including XRD,IR,EPR,UV-Vis DRS,EIS and photocurrent test.It is found that the catalyst obtained at an ammonium chloride to melamine mass ratio of 12.5 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity,which can remove 100% of tetracycline hydrochloride (20.0 mg·L^-1) within 75 minutes,while maintaining consistent efficiency after 5 degradation cycles.Results from active species capture experiments indicates that the active species involved in the degradation process are ·$\mathrm{O}_2^{-}$ and h⁺.

Co/MgAlO catalysts that are modified by carbon on their surface are prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature carbonization methods,and their catalytic performances are evaluated in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene.Study results show that the prepared Co/MgAlO@C_X catalysts lead to a high conversion rate for nitrobenzene and a high selectivity for aniline in the catalytic hydrogenation reaction.Various characterization techniques are utilized to analyze the structure of the catalysts,and the influence of carbon modification on the specific surface area and catalytic performance of the catalysts is further explored.It is found from the study that the graphene shell layer on the surface of Co/MgAlO@C_X catalysts forms a strong electronic interaction with Co,resulting in the Mott-Schottky effect,which significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the catalysts.Under the reaction conditions of 80℃ and 1 MPa H₂,Co/MgAlO@C₂-800 catalyst delivers a conversion rate of 88.6% for nitrobenzene in 2 hours,significantly higher than that of other comparative catalysts.

The traditional electro-Fenton oxidation technology has a limited efficiency in degrading pollutants,and will lead to the secondary pollution due to the addition of soluble divalent iron (Fe²⁺).In order to solve these issues,a reduced graphene/iron-based MOF modified nickel foam (rGO/MIL-88A/NF) electro-Fenton cathode is constructed via hydrothermal-calcination method.Through instrument characterization and electrochemical testing,the physicochemical properties and electrochemical activity of rGO/MIL-88A/NF are clarified.Taking Rhodamine B (RhB) as the target pollutant,the degradation performance of rGO/MIL-88A/NF cathode to RhB is studied,and the influences of different potentials and pH conditions on the degradation of RhB by the cathode are explored.Combined with the quenching experiment and XPS analysis,the operational mechanism for rGO/MIL-88A/NF in degrading pollutants is researched.It is found that rGO/MIL-88A/NF does not require external addition of H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺,which provides a research foundation and approach for the development of a novel electro-Fenton cathode that can remove pollutants efficiently.

To enhance the resistance of vanadium tungsten titanium (V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂) catalysts to alkaline earth metal poisoning and broaden the reaction temperature window,a series of Ce(SO₄)₂-V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ (referred to as Ce-V-W-Ti) catalysts are prepared via an equal volume impregnation method.The influence of Ce(SO₄)₂ addition amount on the denitrification performance of the catalysts is studied,and the catalysts are characterized by means of N₂ adsorption-desorption,XRD,XPS,and NH₃-TPD.Density functional theory calculation is used to explore further the mechanism of the catalysts’ resistance to alkaline earth metal poisoning.Results show that the doping of Ce(SO₄)₂ increases the proportion of chemically adsorbed oxygen on the surface,promotes the redox process between V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺ and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺,and increases weak acid and strong acid sites on the surface of catalysts.Ce₁V₁W₈/90Ti has the best modification effect,and its denitrification performance at 200-400℃ is significantly better than that of V₁W₈/91Ti.Under the reaction conditions of 300℃ and n(CaO)/n(V₂O₅)=3,NO_x removal rate increases from 46.07% to 63.71%.In the atmosphere containing SO₂ at 350℃,NO_x removal rate always remains above 97%.

This study examines the influences of initial pH,temperature,and urea concentration on the fixation of heavy metals (Cd²⁺,Pb²⁺,and Cr³⁺) by Paenibacillus pasteurii,along with an analysis of the underlying fixation mechanism.Results indicate that the immobilization effects of Cd²⁺,Pb²⁺,and Cr³⁺ by Paenibacillus pasteuriiare all achieve the optimal under the conditions including 48 hours of incubation,30℃,an initial medium pH of 8.0 and a urea concentration of 1 mol·L^-1.The environmental pH is elevated by both the presence of urea and the metabolic activities of Paenibacillus pasteurii,leading to that 0.08%-8.95% and 1.03%-10.42% of the heavy metal ions,respectively form alkaline precipitation.Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) emerges as the dominant fixation pathway,with the maximum fixation rate of 60.79% for Cd²⁺,61.92% for Pb²⁺,and 23.07% for Cr³⁺.

Spent polyurethane is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid for carbonization treatment to obtain tetrahydrofuran (about 40 wt.%),a degradation product of polyurethane,and functionalized carbon material ( {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_3\mathrm{H}}-PU).The morphology and structure of {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_3\mathrm{H}}-PU are characterized by means of XRD,SEM,FT-IR,and XPS.Results show that {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_3\mathrm{H}}-PU mainly exists in an amorphous morphology,with abundant acidic groups such as sulfonic acid groups (—SO₃H) and carboxyl groups (—COOH),as well as basic groups such as amines on its surface. {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_3\mathrm{H}}-PU can efficiently catalyze the dehydration of fructose to make 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF).The conversion rate of fructose reaches 100% and the highest yield of EMF is 81.2% when the dosage of {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_3\mathrm{H}}-PU catalyst is 50 mg,V_ethanol∶V_DMSO=7∶3,reaction temperature is 130℃,and the reaction has performed for 2 h in 1 MPa N₂ atmosphere.In addition,after 4 reaction cycles,the yield of the target product EMF only decreases slightly,showing that the catalyst exhibits a good stability.

Using cerium nitrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as raw materials,three types of CePO₄ nanorods (CePO₄-100,CePO₄-150,and CePO₄-200) with different grain sizes are prepared through adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature.Subsequently,AuPd alloy is loaded onto CePO₄ nanorods via the sol-immobilization method to prepare AuPd/CePO₄ catalysts that are employed for the solvent-free catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.Results indicate that the grain size of CePO₄ significantly impacts on the catalytic performance of AuPd/CePO₄ for benzyl alcohol oxidation,and the prepared AuPd/CePO₄ catalyst exhibits good cyclic stability.Additionally,the catalyst structure is analyzed and characterized by means of XRD,TEM,XPS,and ICP-AES.It is found that an appropriate grain size and regular morphology of the support facilitates the formation of the richer surface active oxygen species on the catalyst surface,and followed for the smaller AuPd particle size,which are the key factors contributing to the superior catalytic performance of AuPd/CePO₄-150.

The traditional coating has poor comprehensive protection performance due to its single material.Polyether amine D230,D400 and D2000 in different proportions are used to cure E51 epoxy resin to improve its toughness,which is then used as the epoxy resin bottom layer.The micro-phase separation structure of polyurethane prepared is regulated through adjusting the mixing ratio of PTMG650 and PTMG2000,and then silicone is added to improve the mechanical and waterproof properties of polyurethane,which is used as the intermediate layer.The epoxy resin bottom layer,the modified polyurethane intermediate layer and a polyurea outer layer together are prepared into a composite coating with excellent wear-resistance,corrosion-resistance,impact-resistance and other properties.Results show that the E51 cured with a m(D230∶D2000) of 2∶1 has a grade 1 of adhesion,its elongation rate is significantly higher than that of E51 cured with other ratios,and its impact strength reaches 100 cm.Polyurethane prepared with a m(PTMG2000∶PTMG6500) of 1∶2 exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance.As para-hydroxysiloxane (PDMS) is added into polyurethane,it is found that the tensile strength of PU/Si-10% is 34.07 MPa,and the elongation rate increases from 318.78% to 343.74%.The 50% thermal decomposition temperature of PU/Si-10% is 417.97℃,compared to the 363.26℃ of PU-650;The static water contact reaches 100.02°,compared to the 80.23° of PU-2000,and the water absorption rate decreases from 2.28% to 1.132%.The adhesion of the composite coating can reach grade 1,which is much higher than the level 3 standard required by ISO 2409—2007,and the impact strength can reach 100 cm,which is much higher than the requirements of GB/T 1732—2020.After being modified with silicone,the impedance increases from 6.647×107 to 7.212×107 Ω·cm²,and the wear loss in 30 min decreases from 8.17 to 7.54 mg.It is verified that the composite coating prepared has excellent protection performance.

In this study,an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) is used for the treatment of selenium-containing wastewater.The impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the treatment performance of AnMBR and membrane fouling characteristics as well as their underlying mechanism are investigated.It is found that the optimal HRT is 36 h for the reactor in treating with 15.8 mg Se/L selenite,in which the removal efficiency of selenite can exceed 99% after it runs stably.SEM-EDS and XRD analysis indicate that the bio-reduction product,Se⁰ particles,are in spherical or rod-like shapes with a hexagon micro-structure which is biologically stable.Microbiological analysis manifests that Acinetobacter,Brevundimonas,Rhizobium,and Acidovorax play a dominant role after treating with selenium-containing wastewater.Main functional reductases potentially involved in the reduction of selenite are those encoding DMSO reductase,fumarate reductase,sulfite reductase,nitrate reductase and glutathione reductase.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite binder (referred to as 10% PVN) is prepared through adjusting the composition ratio of Nafion and PVDF,and used to assemble FeMOF-10% PVN zinc-air battery.Through long-term charge-discharge cycle electrochemical tests for the zinc-air battery,the effects of the composite binder on the micro-structure and performance of the battery during long-term operation are studied.Study results show that after 170 h of long-term charge-discharge cycling,the 10% PVN composite binder can significantly inhibit the shedding and agglomeration of Fe-MOF catalyst layer,and maintains better the original morphology and structure of the catalyst particles.After 170 h of charge-discharge cycling,the peak power density of FeMOF-10% PVN battery decays 7.6% only,which is less than one-ninth of the decay rate(74.0%) of the FeMOF-N assembled battery.Therefore,the 10% PVN composite binder can effectively improve the long-term operation stability of Fe-MOF zinc-air battery catalyst layer.

In the light of the issues that iron-based oxides have a poor intrinsic OER activity and the preparation methods for iron-based sulfides delivers a low efficiency,five samples,including MOS_Ⅰ-MW (M=Fe,Co and Ni) with different metal active centers and FeOS_Ⅰ-MW (FeOS_Ⅱ-MW and FeO-MW) with different degrees of vulcanization,are prepared via microwave-heating vulcanization method.Electrochemical performance tests show that FeOS_Ⅰ-MW exhibits the best OER performance among the samples.Under a current density of 50 mA·cm^-2,the overpotential of FeOS_Ⅰ-MW sample is 294 mV only,its Tafel slope is 41.7 mV·dec^-1,and its R_ct is 1.146 Ω.All the performance indexes of FeOS_Ⅰ-MW sample are better than other samples,and FeOS_Ⅰ-MW can work stably for up to 12 h at a current density of 50 mA·cm^-2.Characterization via XRD,XPS,SEM and TEM reveals that as the vulcanization degree enhances,the crystallinity of the material tends towards an amorphous state,the nanostructure becomes more abundant,and the electron modulation effect between Fe and S becomes stronger,ultimately leading to an enhancement in the OER performance of as-prepared FeOS_Ⅰ-MW electrode.

Taking isooctyl acrylate (2-EHA) and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers for co-polymerization,benzoin dimethyl ether (BDK) and trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide (TPO) as photo-initiators,the free radical polymerization between monomers is performed,which is photo-induced under the irradiation of medium pressure mercury lamp and UV-LED,respectively.The influences of initiator,illumination energy and light intensity on the conversion of photopolymerization monomers are explored.On this basis,acrylate photosensitive oligomers and multi-functional groups cross-linked monomers are added into the monomers,and the conversion rate and gel rate of photopolymerization of the mixed system are further investigated.UV photo-polymerized acrylate adhesive cured under the irradiation of mercury lamp is prepared,and the changes of mechanical properties,caused by the variation of components,are analyzed.Study results show that as for photopolymerization,there exists the best value for initiator content (relative to monomers mass percentage),and the excess initiator can reduce the conversion rate.Under the same radiation dose,the irradiation for a long time at low light intensity can make the conversion rate higher.With the addition of oligomers,the conversion rate becomes higher but the gel rate becomes lower at a high monomer ratio.

In order to improve the poor conductivity of iron in the process of electrocatalytic water splitting,copper-iron composite bi-functional electrocatalysts are prepared via sequential electrodeposition strategy,and the effects of electrodeposition sequence on the conductivity and catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared are explored.Five kinds of catalysts,including Fe/NF,Cu/NF,Cu/Fe/NF,Fe/Cu/NF and (Fe+Cu)/NF,are prepared on nickel foam (NF) substrates through electrochemical deposition method,and their morphology and properties are analyzed.SEM characterization results show that the deposited iron-nanosheets layer has a highly ordered 3D open network structure,which can provide a stable attachment point for subsequent copper deposition.The electrochemical testing results show that Cu/Fe/NF has better electrocatalytic activity and stability than Fe/Cu/NF and (Fe+Cu)/NF.In two-electrode tests,Cu/Fe/NF can undergo alkaline total water splitting at a low voltage of 1.65 V,showing an excellent bi-functional catalytic effect.

The corrosion inhibition ability of funaria hygrometrica extracts (HLX) for X70 steel in 1 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid medium is evaluated,and the results validate that HLX as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor can effectively suppress both cathodic and anodic reactions of X70 steel in hydrochloric acid.The corrosion inhibition efficiency of HLX for X70 steel improves with the higher HLX concentration,and depresses with the higher solution temperature.The corrosion inhibition rate can reach 93.12% at 293 K and a HLX mass concentration of 0.8 g·L^-1.It is indicated by isothermal adsorption study that HLX can be spontaneously adsorbed on X70 steel surface,which obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm.In addition,it is shown from quantum chemical calculation that a coordination bond is built between hetero-atoms of HLX molecular and X70 steel surface,resulting in a stable adsorption.

In order to improve the waterproof adhesion property of pressure-sensitive adhesive,DMAA,a polymerizable monomer containing catechol group,is prepared through the reaction between methacryloyl chloride and levodopa.DMAA is then co-polymerized with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid to obtain acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive.Through changing the soaking time and adhesive time of the prepared pressure-sensitive adhesive in water,its adhesive performance on wet surface is studied,and compared with the commercial samples.Study results show that the addition of catechol monomer can significantly improve the adhesive ability and adhesive stability of the pressure-sensitive adhesive on wet surface.The longer the adhesive time between the adhesive film and the substrate,the stronger the adhesive force.The peel strength of the pressure-sensitive adhesive with a catechol monomer content of 2% can reach 30N/25 mm or more after it has been soaked in water for 24 h and stuck in water for 24 h.The performance is generally higher than that of commercial pressure-sensitive adhesive samples.

A series of unasymmetrical PNP ligands,which contain meta- and para-substituted aryl groups on their P atoms,are synthesized,and applied in the selective ethylene oligomerization that is catalyzed by chromium catalyst.It is found that upon activation with modified methylalumoxane (MMAO-3A) and at 60℃,40 bar ethylene pressure,ligand L¹ (Ph₂PN(ⁱPr)PAr₂,Ar=m-CH₃C₆H₄) exhibits much better catalytic performance than previously reported PNP ligand (Ph₂PN(ⁱPr)PPh₂),achieving a high catalytic activity of 1 370 kg/(gCr·h),a high 1-octene selectivity of 68.9 wt.% and a considerable total 1-hexene/1-octene selectivity of 85.0 wt.%.Moreover,the impact of electronic effect of different meta-substituted phenyl group on P atoms on the catalytic performance of such ligands is also explored.

In response to the demand for clean and efficient energy conversion technology,a negative carbon emission system is proposed,which uses a stacked double fluidized bed as a reaction device to convert biomass fuel into hydrogen and methanol through a calcium looping technology route.This system consists of a biomass gasification system,a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system,a methanol synthesis system and a water electrolysis system.Aspen Plus software is employed to carry out thermodynamic modeling for this system,and parameter analysis is performed based on the modeling results.Results show that by adjusting the operating mode of the gasifier and controlling the amount of calcium carrier added,syngas with a hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 2.1 can be directly modulated for methanol synthesis,and the stacked bed design can significantly reduce the tar content in syngas.In addition,this system,coupled with the water electrolysis H₂ production process,can provide oxygen to the regenerator through electrolysis.The generated CO₂ and electrolytic hydrogen are used to synthesize methanol,forming a novel complementary model of green methanol synthesis.It is shown that this novel calcium looping biomass gasification system is a clean,efficient and economical energy conversion technology.

To reduce CO₂ emission from fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCUs),a new technology called FCC Oxy-Regeneration flue gas recycle for CO₂ capture (Oxy-Reg) is developed.This involves recycling flue gas and mixing it with oxygen from the air separation unit in the regenerator to burn coke.A portion of the regenerated flue gas is then recycled back to the regenerator,while the rest enters the CO₂ recovery system to capture CO₂.Pilot test results show that controlling the flow rate of oxygen and the recycling ratio of flue gas rationally is the key to capture high concentration of CO₂.Based on this,a flue gas circulation control system is developed to adjust the flow rate of oxygen and the recycling ratio of regenerated flue gas rationally in real time,resulting in a CO₂ enrichment of over 95%.

A process system for producing oxygen-enriched air with utilizing LNG cold energy from LNG terminals and the cold energy recovered from the product gases is simulated.Simulation results indicate that this system can effectively produce oxygen-enriched air in which the oxygen concentration is about 30%.The higher the gas-liquid separation efficiency of the cyclone separator,the higher the oxygen concentration in the obtained oxygen-enriched air.Increasing the recover ratio of oxygen-depleted air can effectively enhance the production output of oxygen-enriched air,but will reduce the concentration of oxygen in oxygen-enriched air.It is obtained from calculation that the energy consumption for producing oxygen-enriched air in this system is approximately 85 kWh/t-O₂,which is at a moderate level.However,this system has fewer moving parts,and the simple structure of Laval nozzle and cyclone separator results in low manufacturing cost,making the system easy to integrate and scale up.

The advantages and disadvantages of CDTECH as a representative of selective hydrodesulfurization process and S Zorb as a representative of adsorptive desulfurization process in the application process of FCC gasoline desulfurization units are clarified.The adaptability of these two FCC gasoline desulfurization processes is clarified through comparing the process principle and flow,the properties of feedstocks and products,material consumption,energy consumption and technical economy.Through comparative analysis,it can be concluded that CDTECH process flow fully considers the distribution characteristics of sulfides and olefins in FCC gasoline,and the catalytic distillation in the process has higher conversion and selectivity advantages,which also suffers adverse effects such as complex process,slightly low products yield and high energy consumption.Based on the advantages of high efficiency of catalytic distillation technology,CDTECH process is better than S Zorb process in gasoline product quality (containing less olefins but more etherates),octane number loss and profits,exhibiting better applicability.

A 4 million tons/year coal-to-liquid (CTL) plant is taken as the research object to study the advanced process control technology in major processes such as shift conversion,purification,Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,hydrogenation refining,cracking,oil products refining,and tail gas to hydrogen.In the light of core units and process indicators like system hydrogen-carbon ratio,shift reactor,Fischer-Tropsch reactor and refinement cracking,the control methods and strategies are adopted,including multi-variable control,cross-domain control,and large system coordinated control,which further enhances the level of automation and intelligence of the plant,significantly reduces manual operations,lowers the standard deviation of controlled variables by 30% at least,and achieves “edge operation” for key indicators.The energy consumption is reduced and the yield rises while ensuring product quality,achieving the expected control effect.The operational stability and economic efficiency of the plant have both been greatly improved.

To solve the problems in acid/alkaline gas leakage detection,such as large instrument size,long detection time,high cost and difficult to detect quickly,a polyacrylamide hydrogel detector that can respond quickly to acidic or alkaline gases is developed.It has excellent water retention and good reusability.By combining this hydrogel detector with 3D printing technology and monitoring/alarming technology,a portable acid/alkaline gas detector that can quickly identify acidic/alkaline gases,change color rapidly and trigger the alarm function is designed.

Through utilizing the symbiosis of carbon dots and matrix,the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching phenomenon is efficiently and stably blocked by means of the dispersion effect of crystalline matrix to carbon dots,and solid-state carbon dots with excellent luminescence properties are prepared.In the ethanol solution of the prepared carbon dots,the fluorescence color of carbon dots changes with the increase of water content.It is found from in-depth study using the luminescence spectra that such a change is presented as a linear redshift of the emission peak.The prepared carbon dots are further processed into testing paper,which provides a convenient idea for the application of the fluorescent carbon dots in the detection of water content in ethanol solvent for industrial production and other fields.