The traditional chemical industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high emission.Under the backdrop of “carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality”,the green transformation of the chemical industry has become an important direction for industrial growth and new development.China’s new energy industry has witnessed rapid development,and has already a sound foundation and tremendous development potential.Through sorting out and analyzing the main synergistic development paths between traditional chemical industry and new energy industry,as well as the measures of leading enterprises at present,it is suggested that there is potential for large-scale synergistic development between the traditional chemical and new energy industries in the future.The chemical industry is a key industrial sector for China to achieve carbon dioxide emission peaking target,the enterprises in the chemical industry should actively and orderly explore the synergistic development directions of their own businesses with new energy industry,in order to provide strong support for achieving high-quality and sustainable growth.

Under the “carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality” goals and global energy transition context,the traditional energy and chemical industry faces challenges such as intensified carbon dioxide emission constraints and evolving energy structure transformation.As core carriers of China’s national strategic scientific and technological forces,China’ central energy and chemical enterprises urgently need to build a low-carbon,high-end,and intelligent “second curve” through scientific and technological innovation.Combined with the “new-quality productivity” strategy outlined in China’s 2025 top sessions,this study analyzes systematically the pathways and practical cases for scientific and technological innovation.Key findings reveal that breakthroughs in low-carbon technologies reconstruct the energy supply system,the localization of high-end materials breaks through technological bottlenecks in China,digital intelligence reshapes production paradigms,and policy support coupled with ecological synergy provides institutional guarantees for industry’s transformation.Moving forward,continuous technological breakthroughs,deepened digital-intelligent integration,and refined policy mechanism are essential to achieve a shift from scale expansion to value creation.

This paper reviews the latest advances in using Clostridium autoethanogenum to perform syngas fermentation for the production of biofuels and chemicals.Clostridium autoethanogenum is a strictly anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium metabolized via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to produce ethanol and acetic acid.This paper highlights the multifaceted optimization of the syngas fermentation process,including the optimization of medium components,the adjustment of process parameters,the construction of microbial photoelectrocatalytic system,microbial co-cultivation system,and the application of genetic engineering,which have further advanced the development of the field.Finally,the shortcomings of the current research are presented,and the future research directions are prospected,aiming to provide a reference for microbial syngas fermentation in the field of biofuels and chemicals production.

The blast furnace gas desulfurization process technologies based on industrial application or demonstration are summarized,with analysis on the process principle,COS hydrolysis conversion,H₂S absorption/adsorption removal,and COS and H₂S simultaneous removal process,etc.It aims to provide reference and inspiration for the high-value utilization and ultra-low emission of blast furnace gas in the context of the “carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality” targets.It is indicated that the sulfur content in blast furnace gas can be effectively reduced by adopting these processes to meet the requirements of ultra-low emission.Combined with specific process demand,improving the desulfurization efficiency and reducing the cost are the development directions in the future.

This paper reviews the research progress in the reductive amination of ethylene glycol to produce ethanolamine,ethylenediamine,piperazine and morpholine,focusing on the synergistic catalytic effects of metal sites and acid sites on the activation of C—H bonds and the generation of C—N bonds.It is suggested that the research in this field in the future still needs to focus on how the metal and acid sites can synergistically catalyze the amination of ethylene glycol,so as to provide ideas for the development of low-carbon and green processes for the catalytic synthesis of high value-added amines from ethylene glycol in the future.

The synthesis methods for g-C₃N₅ are summarized,including the template method and the thermal polycondensation method.The modification methods for g-C₃N₅ through the strategies such as element doping,morphological control,and heterostructure creation are reviewed in detail.The major issues existed in the research at present are analyzed,and the roadmap for development direction in the future is predicted.

This review summarizes the research progress in new energy-based green hydrogen production technologies,with a focus on the principles,advancements,challenges,and future development trends of key technologies such as photocatalytic hydrogen production,photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production,biomass-based hydrogen production,and new energy-driving water electrolysis.Both photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies stay at the laboratory stage,requiring breakthroughs in catalyst materials and process optimization to achieve large-scale commercialization.Biomass-based hydrogen production technology is currently subject to small-scale trials and pilot projects,with future efforts needed to improve process efficiency and byproduct management.New energy-driving water electrolysis technology has been scaled up for industrial application,which still needs to solve the matching problem between the fluctuating new energy sources and electrolyzer equipment,and reduce production cost further.

This paper reviews the current status of short-chain chlorinated paraffin (SCCPs) pollution,examines the advancement in SCCPs transformation and degradation technologies,and proposes new directions for understanding the distribution characteristics of SCCPs pollution as well as strategies for its remediation.Furthermore,the occurrence,distribution,and migration pathways of SCCPs in various environmental media,including the atmosphere,aquatic system,soil,sediments,and biological organisms,are highlighted.In addition,the mechanism governing the environmental cycling of SCCPs is proposed.It is aiming at giving a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental trends associated with SCCPs and supplying a scientific basis for the further advancement of SCCPs pollution control.

The latest research progress in the conversion of biomass to 2,5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is summarized,emphasizing on the transformation mechanism of woody and herbaceous biomass,catalyst selection,pretreatment method and the optimization of reaction conditions.Studies show that HMF yield can be increased through effective pretreatment and catalytic conversion.Finally,the research directions in the future are proposed,such as improving conversion efficiency,reducing cost,and developing sustainable biomass conversion technologies,aiming to promote the commercial production of HMF.

The structure and properties of MoS₂ are reviewed,and the synthesis methods for MoS₂-based composites are introduced,including stripping,self-assembly,hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition.Moreover,the latest advancements on the application of MoS₂-based composite materials in electrochemical sensors are expounded,including their use for small molecules and biological macromolecules.The current gaps and future directions of research about MoS₂ composite materials are outlined.

The technologies for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production are reviewed.Firstly,the research situation of photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies is introduced.Secondly,the principle and efficiency measurement of photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production are expounded,and the modification strategies for photoelectrocatalysts are summarized,including morphology control,element doping and heterostructure construction.Finally,conclusions and suggestions on the research of photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production technologies are given,aiming to provide the possibility for the photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production to develop in a long-term and achieve industrialization as soon as possible.

This review focuses on the disposal technology for spent ionic liquid catalysts from alkylation.The process of composite ionic liquid alkylation technology is introduced,the properties and deactivation reasons of spent alkylation ionic liquid catalysts are analyzed,and the current disposal technologies for spent ionic liquids are summarized.Finally,the development trend of the disposal technologies for spent alkylation ionic liquid catalysts is prospected.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in the synthesis of highly dispersed nickel-based catalysts in the world in recent years,and analyzes the related synthesis strategy and characterization technologies as well as their potential and effectiveness in catalytic applications.Based on the existing progress,a prospective outlook on the future research direction is given,aiming to provide guidance for the continuous innovation and development in this field.

As a core infrastructure in the hydrogen energy industry chain,hydrogen refueling stations,through innovation and breakthrough in gas filling technology,play a decisive role in promoting the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles.This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in hydrogen refueling station gas charging technology from the current situation and future trend dimensions,involving key technologies such as compression and cooling of hydrogen,hydrogen storage,as well as refueling equipment and control system.Furthermore,based on the existing technical bottlenecks,multi-objective optimization strategies are proposed,and the developing directions for cutting-edge technologies such as on-site hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technologies in the future are prospected.

9,9-Bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPEF) is a typical biphenol compound,also one of the key raw materials in the production of polyester and other polymers.A series of sulfonic acid-functionalized acidic ionic liquids (SILs) are designed and synthesized,which couple with 3-mercaptopropionic acid to catalyze the one-pot synthesis of BPEF from 9-fluorenone and phenoxyethanol.The acidity of SILs is a critical factor influencing their catalytic activity,while molecular size plays a secondary role.Under the optimal reaction conditions,the highest yield of BPEF reaches 86% by using 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([MimN(CH₂)₃SO₃H][CF₃SO₃]) as the main catalyst and 3-mercaptopropionic acid as the co-catalyst,surpassing the 72% yield achieved with traditional sulfuric acid/3-mercaptopropionic acid catalytic system.NMR analysis results indicate that hydrogen bond interaction between the anions and cations of SILs activates the substrates and co-catalyst,which is crucial for the synthesis of BPEF.

Mn and Fe respectively doped Co₃O₄/NCNTs bifunctional catalysts are synthesized through using nitrogen doped carbon nano tubes (NCNTs) as a support,and their catalytic performance in reversible oxygen reactions is evaluated.The results indicate that the Mn-doped catalysts exhibit superior ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalytic activity than Fe-doped and non-doped catalysts.After doping with a certain amount of Mn element,Mn²⁺ and Mn³⁺ are formed,which enhances the catalytic activity of the catalysts in reversible oxygen reactions.

ZSM-5/C,hierarchical porous carbon zeolite composites,are synthesized via hydrothermal crystallization method using coal gangue,a solid industrial waste,as raw material and cotton linters cellulose aerogel (CLCA) as template agent.The crystal structure,shape,morphology and specific surface area of the prepared samples are tested and analyzed by means of XRD,SEM,FT-IR and BET.The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm properties of reactive turquoise blue M-G solution by ZSM-5/C are analyzed.Results show that the synthesized zeolite has a high consistency with the commercial zeolite.ZSM-5/C composites exhibit much better adsorption performance for reactive turquoise blue M-G than commercial zeolite when the composites are synthesized under the conditions that the crystallization time is 16 h,the crystallization temperature is 180℃,the dosage of CLCA is 0.6 g,the carbonization temperature is 550℃,and the carbonization time is 2 h.In addition,the adsorption process of ZSM-5/C composites to reactive turquoise blue M-G,which is spontaneous,accords with the quasi-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model.The removal rate of reactive turquoise blue M-G exceeds 98%.This study provides a new idea for green preparation of coal gangue-based zeolite for the removal of organic pollutants in water.

Penicillin mycelial waste (PMW) and sytetracycline mycelial waste (XMW) are taken as the study objects.By means of proximate analysis,element analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and assessment of CO₂ and Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption,the migration and evolution characteristics of compositions and structure of carbon and nitrogen in the solid phase products of mycelial residues are compared under different modified hydrothermal strategies,aiming to identify the strategies and rules that enhance the presence of carbon and nitrogen components in modified hydrochar derived from mycelial residues.The results indicate that the hydrothermal temperature influences the competition between hydrolysis and carbonization reactions,alters the fractions and yields of carbon and nitrogen during the hydrothermal process,and facilitates the decomposition of protein and polysaccharide components.The modified hydrothermal strategies make the C—H/C—O with low binding energy on the surface of XMW transform into higher-energy states,such as —C—C and —C=C,and cause the nitrogen elements to convert into heterocyclic nitrogen forms (N-5 and N-6).The modified hydrothermal strategies significantly enhance the corresponding indexes of carbon and nitrogen enrichment,such as content,retention rate,and yield.The acid leaching coupled with additives strategy exhibits the most significant modification effect,with carbon and nitrogen contents in the obtained hydrochar,HC_HCl-0.6A-240,reaching as high as 68.66% and 5.62%,respectively.The retention rates of carbon and nitrogen are enhanced by 13.1% and 24.36%,respectively.This study can provide a theoretical basis or reference for high-value re-utilization of antibiotic fermentation residues.

A kind of loaded ionic liquid with a capacity to efficiently and selectively adsorb phosphorus from wet process phosphoric acid is prepared through loading ionic liquid onto resin by chemical grafting method,and characterized and analyzed via FT-IR,SEM-EDS and XPS.It is found that the equilibrium adsorption of phosphorus reaches 333.1 mg/g by the loaded ionic liquid that is prepared at a preparation temperature of 95℃,a preparation time of 16 h,a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40∶1 mL/g,and an aminoacetic acid solution with a concentration of 2.66 mmol/g.In terms of selective adsorption,the adsorption amount of phosphorus by the loaded ionic liquid is much higher than those of the impurity ions (iron,aluminum,and magnesium),indicating that the loaded ionic liquid has better performance in separating phosphorus from impurity ions.Especially,the separation coefficient between phosphorus and magnesium reaches 636.83,representing that this kind of ionic liquid is able to realize the selective separation of phosphorus from impurity ions in complex phosphoric acid solution,especially in the purification of phosphoric acid solution with high magnesium content.It is also deduced through characterization analysis that the adsorption mechanism of this loaded ionic liquid to phosphoric acid is mainly the synergistic effect of complexation reaction and anion exchange.

In this study,the UV-sodium percarbonate (UV-SPC) oxidation reaction system is used to treat m-cresol-containing wastewater,and the treatment process is optimized by means of artificial intelligence method.The response surface method (RSM) is mainly used to perform experimental design.The influences of initial pH of solution,reaction time,initial concentration of m-cresol,SPC dosage,catalyst dosage and reaction temperature on the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) are deeply investigated.Based on RSM experiment results,RSM model and AI model are respectively used for the optimization,and a comparative analysis is carried out to evaluate the differences between two models.The results demonstrate that the accuracy of ANN model is more than 50% higher than that of RSM model.Under the optimal conditions from the optimization by ANN model,the removal rate of TOC reaches 91.48% in the experiment,which is significantly higher than the optimal result obtained from RSM model optimization.It is also verified that AI model method has an excellent learning ability and a generalization ability.

Macroporous alumina prepared via nano self-assembly method is used as carrier,copper as assistant,Mo and Ni as active centers,two series of catalysts are prepared by using 70% citric acid (CA),70% malic acid (DL) and 70% tartaric acid (TA),respectively as complexing agent,and Cu(NO₃)₂ with different dosages as complexing impregnating solution.Experimental results show that the solubility of Cu(NO₃)₂ in the impregnation solution is relatively high.The catalysts prepared are characterized by means of BET,XRD,H₂-TPR and NH₃-TPD.It is shown that the catalyst prepared with a Mo∶Ni∶Cu mass ratio of 6∶1∶4 and with 70% citric acid as complexing agent has the best performance.There is a bimodal pore structure in all catalysts prepared.The acids contained in the catalysts are mainly weak acids and medium-strong acids.With the increasing specific surface area of the carrier,the amount of acid centers in the catalyst improves,which leads to a high activity of the catalyst.

During the charging and discharging process,the significant volume changes of Si in silicon-carbon composites with high specific capacitance can lead to the detachment and crushing of active electrode materials,resulting in poor cycling performance and shortened lifespan of the battery.Using novel binders can enhance the cycling performance of the battery.In this study,PEI-c-GA(0.1%),a water-soluble binder with a three-dimensional (3D) network structure,is prepared by forming the imine bonds (—C=N—) between polyethyleneimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA),and used to study the performance of Si/C anode.The findings show that the average peel force of Si/C@PEI-c-GA(0.1%) electrode that uses PEI-c-GA(0.1%) as binder is 2.82 N,which is superior to the 1.43 N of Si/C@PVDF electrode and the 2.69 N of Si/C@CMC electrode.After experiencing 130 cycles at 0.5 C,the charging specific capacity of Si/C@PEI-c-GA(0.1%) electrode is 517.2 mAh/g,higher than the 387.3 mAh/g of Si/C@PVDF electrode and the 425.0 mAh/g of Si/C@CMC electrode.It is demonstrated that PEI-c-GA(0.1%),a 3D network structure binder crosslinked with imine bonds,can significantly improve the electrochemical performances of Si/C electrodes.

Cu-Ag/SiO₂ bimetallic catalysts modified by different contents of NaCl are synthesized through sequential hydrothermal and impregnation methods,which are applied to propylene-oxygen epoxidation reaction.The impact of the molar ratio of Cu/Ag and the content of NaCl on propylene conversion and propylene oxide selectivity over Cu-Ag/SiO₂ bimetallic catalysts is studied.It is found that CuAg alloy will not be formed between Cu⁰ and Ag⁰ species.Cu90-Ag10/SiO₂-NaCl (0.7) bimetallic catalyst that is prepared with a Cu/Ag molar ratio of 9 and a NaCl/Cu molar ratio of 0.7 exhibits the highest activity in catalyzing propylene epoxidation,and delivers the highest space-time yield for propylene oxide,while the corresponding propylene conversion and propylene oxide selectivity are 1.85% and 21%,respectively.Ag⁰ species helps to improve the propylene conversion,and Cl^- ions improve the selectivity of propylene oxide.Ag⁰ and NaCl synergistically promotes the dispersion and reduction of Cu⁰ species.Cl^- ions also enhance the electron density of Cu⁰ and the dispersion of Ag⁰,facilitating the formation of electrophilic oxygen species.Ag⁰ and Cl^- synergistically promote the formation of propylene oxide.Cu⁰ species is the key to the formation of propylene oxide and may be the main active site for propylene epoxidation reaction over Cu-Ag/SiO₂-NaCl bimetallic catalysts.

A series of ZSM-5 molecular sieves with different Si/Al ratios but the same crystal morphology and containing mesoporous structure are prepared through the hydrothermal crystallization method by adjusting the feed ratio.The samples are characterized by using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD),X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),N₂ adsorption-desorption,and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD).The catalytic performance of the prepared ZSM-5 molecular sieves for butene cracking reaction is evaluated in a continuous fixed-bed micro-reactor.Study results show that as Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 molecular sieves increases,the crystal grain size decreases from 10 μm to 2 μm gradually.As the Si/Al ratio increases from 78 to 462,the acid amount of the molecular sieves decreases from 0.925 mmol/g to 0.035 3 mmol/g.With the increasing Si/Al ratio,the conversion rate of butene decreases gradually,the selectivity of propylene rises gradually,and the selectivity of heavy products declines gradually.Stronger acidity of the catalyst leads to excessive side reactions,thus reducing the selectivity and yield of the target product.The ZSM-5 molecular sieve with a Si/Al ratio of 263 exhibits high propylene selectivity and catalytic stability in the butene cracking reaction,delivering a butene conversion rate of around 74%,a propylene selectivity of 48%,and a propylene yield of 35.5%.

Cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film at the phase interface between cathode material and electrolyte can affect the high-temperature performance of Li-ion batteries.Commercial electrolyte containing LiPF₆ has poor thermal stability at high temperature,from which the CEI film formed is not stable enough,easily leading to battery failure.A high-temperature electrolyte is formulated by adding a lithium salt additive and a film-forming additive together into the electrolyte containing LiPF₆ and base solvent,and used in LiFePO₄|Li half battery to study the impact of additives on the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries.Study results show that the initial Coulombic efficiency of the LiFePO₄|Li half battery is 87.0% at 0.1 C at 50℃,which presents a capacity retention rate of 85.6% after 200 cycles at the voltage range of 2.3-4.3 V,and a discharge specific capacity of 137.9 mAh/g at 10 C.It is found through SEM and TEM analysis that the high-temperature electrolyte forms a uniform and dense CEI film at the electrode/electrolyte interface,which protects the cathode and prevents electrolyte from decomposition.

A method is developed for encapsulating catalase (CAT) in terbium-based metal organic framework (Tb-MOF) materials to prepare an immobilized catalase material (CAT@Tb-MOF).The loading capacity of the immobilized catalase material reaches as high as 302.3 mg/g.The activity of catalase encapsulated is evaluated by means of UV-visible spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,respectively.It is indicated that the retention rate of catalase activity exceeds 90%,and the material has good environmental adaptability and reusability.MOFs materials encapsulate catalase directly during the growth process,which has the characteristics of mild conditions and convenient operation.The catalase remains stable structure in the immobilization process,so the activity of catalase can be maintained well while the microenvironment provided by MOFs materials also ensures the environmental adaptability of the catalase.The remaining activity of catalase is 92.6% at 80℃.The activity of immobilized catalase still maintains at 90% after 10 cycles,and at about 50% after 50 days of storage.The prepared CAT@Tb-MOF has good stability,showing broad application potential in the field of industrial application.

Pd/Co(OH)₂-Ni(OH)₂/C (PdCoNi/C) catalysts are successfully synthesized via the direct reduction and chemical displacement methods,and calcined under an argon atmosphere at different temperature (200℃,400℃,and 600℃) to obtain PdCoNi/C-X alloy catalysts.The activity of the synthesized catalysts are tested in electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR).It is shown that PdCoNi/C exhibits an EOR mass activity of 2.86 A/mg,which is 8.9 times that of commercial Pd/C and significantly higher than those of other catalysts synthesized in this study.The addition of Co(OH)₂ and Ni(OH)₂ alters the binding energy of Pd,and the electronic synergistic effect improves the catalytic performance and CO tolerance of PdCoNi/C.After a 4 000 second chronoamperometric test,the catalytic performance of PdCoNi/C for EOR maintains 85% of the initial value,demonstrating that it is a highly efficient and stable EOR catalyst.

A surface-modified magnetic seeds (Fe₃O₄) enhanced flocculation treatment technique is utilized to improve the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and petroleum pollutants from oily wastewater.The morphology and structure of the modified magnetic seeds are characterized in detail through using SEM,XRD,and specific surface area analysis.Results demonstrate that the modified magnetic seeds have smaller pore size and larger pore volume than unmodified seeds,which facilitates their adsorption for pollutants.Through single-factor experiments,the optimum operating conditions are determined as follows:the dosages of modified magnetic seeds,polyaluminum chloride flocculant and polyacrylamide coagulant aid are 3 g/L,250 mg/L and 2 mg/L,respectively,the settling time is 6 min,pH=7,and the temperature is 25℃.Under these conditions,the removal rates of COD and petroleum reach 75.6% and 93.8%,respectively.Furthermore,it is found from the regeneration performance study that the modified seeds after multiple regeneration cycles maintain their efficacy and can meet the standards for reinjection water.This study enhances the adsorption properties of magnetic flocculation,and also provides valuable theoretical insights for the magnetic flocculation treatment of oily wastewater.

Amorphous high-entropy electrode materials are deposited on nickel foam through electrochemical deposition method to explore their electrochemical properties.The results show that with the increase of the types of elements deposited,the area specific capacitance of the materials increases gradually,but their cycle performance and voltage window decline gradually.The sample with NiCoFeCrAl as deposited elements has the best comprehensive electrochemical performance.The specific capacitance of the material is 3 108.47 mF/cm² when the current density is 2 mA/cm².After 1 000 cycles of charge and discharge,the capacity retention rate of the electrode materials is 51.42%.At a power density of 750 W/kg,the asymmetric supercapacitor that is assembled with NiCoFeCrAl/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode has a energy density of 19.53 Wh/kg.

MCC-g-PAA/PVA/urea superabsorbent resin with slowly releasing fertilizer function is synthesized via UV light induced polymerization with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC),polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),and acrylic acid (AA) as raw materials,without any crosslinker and initiator.The structure of the resin is characterized by means of SEM,FT-IR,XRD,TG analyses etc.The influences of illumination time,material ratio,and monomer neutralization on water absorbency of the resin are explored.Results demonstrate that the swelling rates of MCC-g-PAA/PVA/urea prepared in a distilled water and a 0.9% NaCl solution are 970 g/g and 961 g/g,respectively when the mass of MCC accounts for 5% of AA mass,the mass of PVA accounts for 2% of AA mass,and the neutralization degree of AA is 55%.Furthermore,in soil water retention tests,the resin can effectively maintain soil moisture for over ten days.The sustained release rate of urea in the resin is approximately 90% after 26 days.Moreover,natural degradation of the resin reaches around 41% after 60 days.Finally,the growth simulation experiment confirms that the resin exhibits positive effect on plant growth.

To explore the process conditions for the continuous synthesis of p-phenylenediamine-family antioxidants over self-made Pt-2 noble metal catalyst at different scales,the representative N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is selected as the target product for systematic study.The influences of volume space velocity,reaction temperature,reaction pressure and keto-amine molar ratio on the quality of the final product 6PPD are optimized in laboratory-scale (0.1 L) and pilot-scale (10 L) fixed-bed reactors,respectively,and the stability of Pt-2 catalyst is also evaluated under the optimal experiment conditions.It is indicated that under the optimal conditions,the conversion rate of 4-aminodiphenylamine exceeds 99.5%,and the selectivity of 6PPD exceeds 98.5%.The activity of Pt-2 catalyst has not declined significantly after 1 000 h of continuous operation,and the technical indicators of 6PPD product are significantly better than those made by similar process in the world.

In this study,a new solution is proposed to enhance the oxidation efficiency of $\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}$ in ammonia-route denitrification process by using KMnO₄ and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈,respectively as oxidant.The study focuses on exploring the impact patterns of these two oxidants on $\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}$ oxidation and their application in ammonia-route denitrification process.The results show that the denitrification rate can be increased from 60.13% to 70.11% due to the addition of KMnO₄,and $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ concentration increases from 10.58 mg/L to 28.46 mg/L compared with using NH₃-H₂O only.Using (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ can improve the denitrification rate to 77.18%,and makes $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$ concentration rise to 61.52 mg/L,showing a more obvious oxidizing effect.According to the mathematical model established on the basis of response surface methodology,it is shown that the concentration of ammonia,(NH₄)₂S₂O₈ concentration and temperature all have a significant impact on the denitrification efficiency.The optimal process parameters include ammonia concentration of 0.734 mol/L,(NH₄)₂S₂O₈ concentration of 0.014 7 mol/L,and temperature of 67.18℃.Under these conditions,the predicted denitrification efficiency is 92.394% and the experimental one is 91.622%,representing an error of 0.772% only.

1-Decene is synthesized via the metathesis reaction between methyl oleate and ethylene catalyzed by a supported solid-phase catalyst,and the influences of synthesis process conditions and raw materials composition on the reaction are explored.Results show that methyl stearate in raw material has no impact on the metathesis reaction between methyl oleate and ethylene.The suitable process conditions for the metathesis reaction are as follows:reaction temperature is 40-50℃,reaction pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa,the mass ratio of catalyst to methyl oleate is 1∶1-2,and the reaction lasts for 30-40 min.Under these conditions,the one-way conversion of methyl oleate can reach 80%,and the total selectivity for alpha-olefins and methyl esters of unsaturated acids can reach 100%.

Black odorous water has become the main environmental control object in urban and rural areas because of its pungent odor and black appearance.In this study,ozone micro-nano bubbles generator is utilized to study the treatment of black odorous water body.It is found through characterization analysis that in black odorous water body,the concentrations of sulfate ion,COD and NH₃-N as well as the hardness are higher,Gram-negative bacteria is the dominant bacteria,and the dissolved organic pollutants are mainly contributed by metabolites of microorganisms or algae.On this basis,Box-Behnken Design (BBD) response surface method (RSM) is employed to perform optimization and fitting.The results indicate that the optimal process parameters for ozone micro-nano bubbles technology are as follows:ozone concentration is 78%,pH is 9.8 and reaction time is 5.2 h.Moreover,the study shows that the removal rate of organic pollutants is proportional to pH value,and the influences of coexisting ions are in the order of Cl^-> {\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-}> {\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}> {\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}.With the extension of aeration time,the removal rate of organic matters increases firstly and remains stably then.Under the optimal process conditions,the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in black odorous water by ozone micro-nano bubbles technology can reach 90.02%,representing a good effect and application prospect in removing organic pollutants in black odorous water body.

Photocatalytic treatment of phenol-containing wastewater is an effective means to eliminate its environmental impact on water bodies.In this study,a novel iron-based S-type heterojunction photocatalyst,MIL-88B(Fe)/CdS,is prepared and applied to photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol.Under the optimized conditions,the removal efficiency of 2-chlorophenol reaches 88.4% over MIL-88B(Fe)/CdS after 2 h of visible light irradiation.Such a satisfactory removal efficiency of 2-chlorophenol originates from the adsorption of porous MIL-88B(Fe) for 2-chlorophenol,and also results from the improved photocatalysis activity caused by the surface decoration of MIL-88B(Fe) with CdS.Thanks to the matched Fermi energy level and intimate contact between MIL-88B(Fe) and CdS,their energy band bends and an internal-built electric field is formed between the interfaces,thus leading to the formation of an S-type transfer route for photogenerated electrons between MIL-88B(Fe) and CdS interfaces.Thus,the migration of photogenerated carriers is accelerated,which facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Besides,MIL-88B(Fe)/CdS is able to play a photocatalytic role in degradation of 2-chlorophenol over a wide pH range (3-9).The photocatalytic mechanism of MIL-88B(Fe)/CdS is analyzed via a series of optical and photoelectrochemical characterization,verifying that h⁺ and OH play a major role in the degradation of 2-chlorophenol.

Titanium nano scale-like flakes are prepared through high-energy ball milling method,and characterized by means of SEM,XPS,FT-IR and TGA measurements.The results show that titanium material changes from micron-sized spheres to nano-flakes,and the surface of titanium is grafted with organic resin,which confirms the preparation of titanium nanoflakes.Taking titanium nanoflakes prepared as coating fillers,the enhancement of the acid and corrosion resistance of the coating is realized through changing the content of nanoflakes filler.The results show that the coating that contains 1 % of titanium has the best resistance to the penetration of acidic corrosive medium.The low-frequency modulus value of the coating added with titanium nanoflakes is 10¹⁵ Ω·cm²,which is half an order of magnitude higher than that of the coating added with the unmodified titanium.The adhesion between the coating and the substrate is not affected,and the temperature resistance,abrasion resistance,and salt spray resistance of the coating are also improved.

High-performance multi-color silicon-based quantum dot tracers are developed via a hydrothermal method to meet the demand from production profile monitoring in horizontal wells,and overcome the limitations of traditional tracer technologies.The structure of the tracers materials is analyzed by using characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscope (TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),etc.The performance of the prepared tracers is evaluated under different oil reservoir conditions.The findings indicate that the particle size of the prepared tracers ranges from 6 nm to 8 nm.TGA characterization results demonstrate that the tracers possess good thermal stability,making them suitable for applications under high-temperature conditions.They can maintain excellent fluorescence intensity and dispersion stability under a salinity of 15 000 mg/L,a temperature of 80℃,and a pH ranging from weak acidity to weak alkalinity.

In order to study the influences of steam and the operation parameters of desorption column on the desorption process,the data provided by a coal power plant in China are simplified,and a desorption column process model is established by using Aspen Plus software.The influences of operation parameters,including regeneration pressure,rich liquid temperature,steam superheat,and rich liquid load,on desorption characteristics such as desorption rate,CO₂ production,and regeneration energy consumption are analyzed.It is indicated by weighted optimization results that the system performs optimally when the mass flow rate of steam ranges from 900 kg/h to 1 000 kg/h,the desorption pressure is between 120 kPa and 140 kPa,the carbon load is approximately 0.4-0.5 mol CO₂ per mol of monoethanolamine,the superheat of steam is between 30℃ and 50℃,and the mass fractions of monoethanolamine and CO₂ in steam are both between 0 and 10%.

The traditional corn deep-processing plant for corn starch to sugar has a complex process,which generates a large amount of industrial data with complex structure,and the production process can be affected by a variety of factors,resulting in large fluctuation in product quality.In order to solve this problem,a method is proposed to construct an agent model considering the uncertainty of data and optimize the operation parameters.First of all,using the actual industrial production data as a data source,artificial neural network is used as an agent model to fit the input and output data,the uncertainty of the data is analyzed through the variance and confidence intervals,and finally the operating parameters are optimized by using genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm,respectively with the highest fructose content as the goal.It is found that the fructose content obtained by genetic algorithm optimization is 1.45% higher than that by particle swarm optimization algorithm.The optimization model proposed can be applied to assist industrial production,thus improving product quality.

Through statistically analyzing the waste heat recovery of main heat materials,and the distribution of potential heat sources and heat traps in each unit of a certain refinery,it is found that there is a great potential for utilization of low-temperature waste heat.According to the principle of “high-temperature heat for high temperature purpose,low-temperature heat for low temperature purpose,temperature counterpart,gradient utilization”,the utilization of low-temperature waste heat in the whole refinery is optimized,and “smart heat island” waste heat utilization technology is applied to monitor,analyze and optimize the low-temperature heat system of the whole refinery in real time.After optimization,it is expected to save energy by 12 900 tons of standard coal per year,reduce CO₂ emission by 16 000 tons per year,and receive RMB 22 million of economic benefit per year.

In the light of the demand to recover light components from the one-step acetone to methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) synthesis process,a distillation-zeolite membrane coupling process is proposed,and China’s first 2 300 t/a industrial plant using this process is built and starts up,which produces qualified acetone and isopropanol,as well as crude recyclable MIBK.Comprehensive recover rates of acetone and isopropanol products from this plant are 87.4% and 93.1%,respectively,and the recovery rate of crude MIBK approaches 100%.Through calculating energy consumption and conducting economic analysis during operation,it is indicated that this industrial plant can receive RMB 63.621 million of income and RMB 13.282 million of profit in 5 years.

In order to address the issue of external cold source supply for deep cooling in the existing ethane recovery process system,and to effectively recover and utilize the high-quality cold energy released in LNG vaporization projects,a new process system coupling LNG cold energy with ethane recovery is designed.Aspen HYSYS software is utilized to establish model for the new process.Three groups of rich gas with different gas compositions are selected.A single factor sensitivity analysis method is employed to determine the optimal LNG flow rates for the new process system,which are 8.05×10⁴ kg/h,8.53×10⁴ kg/h,and 9.15×10⁴ kg/h,respectively.The optimal pressure range for the de-methanizer is identified as 2.2-2.3 MPa.A comparative analysis is conducted on the new process and the RSV process.Study results indicate that under the premise of ensuring that the ethane yield is not less than 95%,the new ethane recovery process can significantly reduce the total compression power and comprehensive energy consumption compared to the conventional RSV process.Furthermore,the richer the gas composition,the more pronounced the energy-saving effect of the new process.

Molecular structure of sodium tungstate is characterized by means of mid infrared spectroscopy (MIR).The infrared absorption modes of sodium tungstate molecular include W—O bond asymmetry stretch vibration (ν_as-W-O),W—O bond symmetrical stretch vibration (ν_s-W-O),etc.The influences of temperature on sodium tungstate molecular structure is studied by means of temperature-dependent mid infrared spectroscopy (TD-MIR).It is found that with the increasing temperature in the range of 303-573 K,the corresponding infrared absorption frequency and intensity of sodium tungstate molecular (ν_as-W-O and ν_s-W-O) change obviously.Taking ν_as-W-O and ν_s-W-O as study objects,the thermal denaturation of sodium tungstate molecular are explored by using two-dimensional mid infrared spectroscopy (2D-MIR).It is indicated that in the 303-373 K,383-463 K and 473-573 K temperature ranges,the main functional groups of sodium tungstate molecular (ν_as-W-O and ν_s-W-O) show significant differences in thermal sensitivity and the speed order of change.The thermal denaturation mechanism of sodium tungstate is further studied.In a sum,this study expands the research scope of mid infrared spectroscopy techniques (MIR,TD-MIR and 2D-MIR) in the molecular structure and thermal denaturation of important rare metal salts (sodium tungstate).

A bis-Schiff base fluorescent probe,4-2-SD,is synthesized through the dehydration condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and 4-methyl-2-hydrazinobenzothiazole,and used to detect Ag⁺/Hg²⁺.Research results show that 4-2-SD probe has a specific recognition ability for Ag⁺/Hg²⁺,and its fluorescence can be quenched by adding Ag⁺/Hg²⁺ in the probe solution that v(CH₃OH)∶v(H₂O)=9∶1,and pH=7.4.The content of Ag⁺ can be detected through fluorescence weakening at 485 nm visible light,and Ag⁺/Hg²⁺ can be visually identified through different color changes under sunlight.It is determined through fluorescence titration experiment that the detection limits of Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ are 2.7×10^-7 M and 1.3×10^-7 M,respectively.Probe 4-2-SD can instantly identify Ag⁺/Hg²⁺ and quantitatively detect the content of Ag+ in actual water samples.